Destructive marine heatwaves on the rise

Trend to accelerate in the future, warn experts

PARIS: The number of days marked by potentially destructive ocean heatwaves has doubled in 35 years, and will multiply another five-fold at current rates of climate change, scientists warned.

Even if humanity does manage to cap global warming “well below” 2°C, as called for in the Paris climate treaty, marine heatwaves will sharply increase in frequency, intensity and duration, they reported in the journal Nature.

Compared to hot spells over land, which have claimed tens of thousands of lives since the start of the century, ocean heatwaves have received scant scientific attention.

But sustained spikes in sea-surface temperature – typically to a depth of several metres – can also have devastating consequences.

A 10-week marine heatwave near western Australia in 2011, for example, shattered an entire ecosystem and permanently pushed commercial fish species into colder waters.

Another ocean hot spell off the coast of California warmed waters 6°C and lasted for more than a year. Known as “The Blob”, it generated toxic algae blooms and led to the death of sea lions, whales and sea birds.

“Marine heatwaves have already become longer-lasting and more frequent, extensive and intense in the past few decades,” lead author Thomas Frolicher, an environmental physicist at the University of Bern, Switzerland said.

“This trend will accelerate in the future under further global warming.”

Coral reefs are especially vulnerable to warming waters.

Recent spikes in tropical and sub-tropical sea surface temperatures, magnified by an especially potent El Nino, have triggered an unprecedented mass bleaching of corals, affecting 75% of global reefs.

“Until now, the corals were often able to recover from such bleaching events,” said Frolicher.

“However, if the intervals between these events becomes shorter, the corals will no longer be able to regenerate and irreversible damage can be expected.”

“This can lead to a complete change in the ecosystems,” he added.

Frolicher and colleague Erich Fischer, along with Nicholas Gruber from ETH Zurich, used satellite data and climate models to calculate recent and projected changes in marine heatwaves.

Marine heatwave may also affect the ocean’s ability to soak up greenhouse gases.

To date, oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat generated by manmade climate change. Without that sea-water sponge, air temperatures would be tens of degrees Celsius higher. — AFP