Despite crackdown, ‘junk news’ thrives on social media

WASHINGTON: Despite an aggressive crackdown by social media firms, so-called “junk news” is spreading at a greater rate than in 2016 on social media ahead of the US midterm elections, according to researchers.

Oxford Internet Institute researchers concluded that Facebook and Twitter remain filled with “extremist, sensationalist, conspiratorial, masked commentary,” and other forms of “low-quality” news.

In analysing some 2.5 million tweets and 6,986 Facebook pages over a 30-day period, the study found that less than five per cent of the sources referenced on social media were from public agencies, experts or political candidates themselves.

“We found that the proportion of junk news circulating over social media has increased in the US since 2016, with users sharing higher proportions of junk news than links to professional content overall,” the report released Thursday said.

It added that “junk news once concentrated among President (Donald) Trump’s support base has now spread to include communities of mainstream political conservatives.”

Philip Howard, director of the institute and a study author, said the latest research did not seek to analyse how much of the content came from automated accounts or “bots”, or whether it was directed from foreign entities.

But he noted that “this style of producing junk news probably has a Russian origin,” adding, “that’s what the Russians used in the 2016 election, and now there are domestic sources copying that style”.

Howard said that the efforts by Twitter and Facebook to root out misinformation amounted to “tweaks,” and that “the evidence suggests little tweaks don’t add up to a big impact”.

As part of the research, the authors created an online tool to allow anyone to follow and analyse low-quality news and posts.

Responding to the study, Twitter and Facebook questioned the conclusions and methods used by the researchers

“We respect and appreciate strong independent research but we challenge some of the findings here,” a Twitter spokesman said in a statement.

“Many of the links deemed as ‘junk’ by the researchers are media outlets that reflect views within American society.

“Banning them would be a kneejerk reaction and would severely hinder public debate, the potential for counter narratives to take hold, and meaningful discussion of news consumption.”

Twitter said many of the sources cited in the study were “not foreign, not bots, and for the most part not coordinated.