Dead only after the soul is free
Torajans spend years with corpses before elaborate funeral
LA’BO: Martha Kande’s family lived with her greying, shrivelled corpse at their home in Indonesia for seven months, as they prepared an elaborate funeral that is central to the Toraja people’s centuries-old death rituals.
“We keep the body in a coffin at home,” Meyske Latuihamallo, the 81-year-old woman’s granddaughter, said.
“But it’s kept open before they are buried because we see them as sick so they are brought food and drink every day.”
Torajans – an ethnic group that numbers about a million people on Sulawesi island – have few qualms when it comes to talking with an embalmed corpse, dressing them up, brushing their hair or even taking pictures with a mummified relative.
Traditionally the embalming process involved sour vinegar and tea leaves but these days families usually inject a formaldehyde solution into the corpse.
“After a week, there’s no odour anymore”, said local tourist guide Lisa Saba Palloan.
It may seem a ghoulish practice to some: living side-by-side with an embalmed body for months – or even years – before paying homage in a ritualistic display of blood and guts.
But the Toraja believe that a person is only dead – and their soul freed – after an elaborate funeral known as “Rambu Solo”.
Wild boars howled and blood poured from a sacrificial buffalo’s throat as Kande’s family prepared her mummified body for the afterlife.
Following the five-day ceremony, the octogenarian was placed in one of the many burial caves scattered around the mountainous region, where skeletal remains are arranged by social hierarchy.
They sit alongside wooden dolls in traditional clothing, representing deceased nobility, while some bodies are kept in coffins that hang from steep cliffs – owing to limited space.
“These are the customs of our ancestors,” said Kande’s 72-year-old nephew Johanes Singkali.
“We maintain them to preserve these traditions and keep them sacred from outside influences.”
Although most Torajans are Christian – a product of Dutch colonialism – they have held onto earlier traditions rooted in animistic beliefs.
The more elaborate a funeral the more likely the person’s spirit will reach the level of the gods.
But it comes at a cost.
As many as 100 buffalo could be slaughtered for a noble person, while as few as eight will suffice for a middle-class Torajan.
Funerals can set a family back up to two billion rupiah (RM555,670) – an extravagant amount in a country where more than half the population live on less than US$5.50 (RM23) a day, according to the World Bank.
“We used to be animists, so we buried people with boars and buffalos to offer the spirits on the way to the afterlife,” Singkali said.
“It costs a lot and there are a lot of preparations while all the relatives living outside Toraja must come too.”
Hundreds gathered in La’Bo village for Kande’s spiritual send-off, along with dozens of picture-snapping tourists.
Her body was put into a red coffin – in the form of a traditional, boat-shaped house – which was then placed in front of her home.
Relatives clad in black dragged dozens of pigs into the centre of the village for slaughter as family members danced.
At midday, a prized buffalo was led out onto a blue tarpaulin where its throat was slit – confirming the woman’s death – and the carcass
butchered for a big dinner to follow.
Finally Kande’s coffin was carried around the neighbourhood in a symbolic goodbye.
It’s not for the squeamish, but American visitor Ellie Eshleman took a philosophical view.
“I am passionate about death,” the 29-year-old said.
“I would like to help restore it to
its spiritual place in the Western world. So, I came here to see their death customs and how it can be a time of celebration.”
The Indonesian government is trying to promote Torajan death rituals as part of ambitious plans to boost tourism across the sprawling South-East Asian archipelago. — AFP