As schools resume… prevent the spread of influenza
Malta, like the rest of Europe, is currently experiencing a high rate of influenza infections. Sixteen out of every 100 individuals visiting a family doctor are suffering from from. As such, it is even more important to take precautionary measures then usual.
Influenza, or the common cold, is a highly contagious respiratory virus. It spreads quickly by way of droplets released when a sick person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. You can also get the flu through routine exposure to saliva, such as close contact, kissing or sharing eating utensils. A person can also get the flu by touching something that has the flu virus on it, such as a doorknobs, keyboards, or an infected person’s dirty hand, and then touching their mouth, eyes or nose, as the flu virus can live on some surfaces for up to 24 hours.
Flu symptoms usually appear between one to four days after exposure to the virus, and they usually last five to seven days. Some people are at increased risk of complications from influenza. These include: • the very young; • people aged 65 or older; • people with chronic illnesses, such as asthma and other respiratory conditions, heart disease, HIV/AIDS, or diabetes; • pregnant women;
A person is most likely to pass the infection on to others in the first five days of symptoms.
The Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate recommends taking the following steps to help prevent the spread of influenza: 1. Get vaccinated – it is still not too late to get your flu vaccine, as the flu season is expected to last for a couple of months. This is available from local health centres for free for anybody aged six months and over. Vaccination of high-risk individuals is especially important to lower their risk of severe flu symptoms and complications. Vaccination of pregnant women is the best way to protect newborn infants, especially since the vaccine can only be given after the age of six months. Vaccination of healthcare workers against influenza, especially frontline workers caring for the most vulnerable, should decrease their risk of infecting patients and themselves at a time when the burden of work on the healthcare system is highest. 2. Do not go to work if you have flu-like symptoms. Do not visit relatives or friends in hospital or institutions if you have flu-like symptoms. Limit visits to people who are sick to only when it is essential for their care. 3. As schools resume today, do not send your children to school if they have flu-like symptoms. Your child should stay home to rest and to avoid spreading the flu to other children and school staff. It is recommended that your child stay home for a further 24 hours after fever has subsided, without the use of a fever-reducing medicine. A fever is defined as 37.8°C (100°F) or higher. 4. Social distancing: While sick limit contact with others as much as possible to avoid infecting them. 5. Wash your hands regularly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based rub. 6. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It will help prevent those around you from getting sick. Dispose of used tissues immediately. If you do not have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow to avoid dispersal of viruses. 7. Avoid touching your
eyes nose or mouth. 8. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as keyboards, telephones and door handles. People who have a sick family member at home but are not sick themselves can go to work as usual. Wash your hands often with soap and warm water to prevent getting the flu from a sick family member.
It is advisable for people suffering from influenza to seek advice from their family doctor, especially if symptoms do not improve after seven days in young children, people aged 65 or over, pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions — like diabetes or a heart, lung, kidney or neurological disease — and people with a weakened immune system due to chemotherapy or HIV/AIDS. Antibiotics are not recommended for the flu, as this is caused by viruses, and will only be required for superimposed bacterial infections as prescribed by doctors. The family doctor will then assess the patient and refer them for further secondary care as required. Avoid going to the casualty unit unless there are emergency symptoms such as sudden chest pain, difficulty in breathing, and coughing up blood.
During flu season, be prepared in case you get sick and need to stay home for a few days. Keep some overthe-counter medicines, alcoholbased hand rubs, tissues, and anything else you need so that you do not have to go out while you are sick.