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PARIS – Oomvula omulongo dh aka dhilongela, oshikonga sha tseyika nedhina Arab Spring osha li sha eta ekuthiikuthi lyuudemokoli mUuzilo wopokati osho wo muumbangalantu waAfrica. Ashike oTunisia ashike a ninga elunduluko, omanga iilongo iikwawo ya huulile miita nevundakano.

Nonando ongawo, omahangano goku eta elunduluko oga li ga umbu ko aaleli moLebanon, Iraq, Algeria naSudan, naambaka oya li ya mono oonkondo dhawo okuza moshikonga shoArab Srping. Mpaka otapu landula nkene iilongo yoArab Spring yi li ngashiingeyi:

Omulandithi gwomomapandaanda omugundjuka okwa li I itomeke omundilo momasiku 17 Desemba 2010, naashika osha li sha eta oshilongo ashihe shi holole omadhilaadhilo ge li ompinge nokwaa na iilongo osho wo oluhepo. Konima yomwedhi, omuleli guukayamukulwa Zine El Abidine Ben Ali okwa li a yi ontuku konima yoomvula 23 koshipundi. Omahololodhilaadhilo ge li ompinge nomapangelo oga li ga taandele moshitopolwa ashihe.

Nonando elunduluko lyaTunisia okuya muudemokoli olya simanekwa muuyuni, olya eta wo onkalo yopolitika tayi tengaatenga. Ashike ekotampango ndyoka lya tula po oongamba dhoonkondo dhapresidente mo2014 oshinima sha simana, naBeji Caid Essebsi a ningi omutse gwoshilongo gwotango a hogololwa paudemokoli.

Omvula ya landula, Tunisia okwa li a ponokelwa iikando itatu, nongundu yiikulo yoIslamic State oya ti oyo ya ninga iiponokela mbika. Nonando onkalo yegameno otayi tyi hwepo, onkene tuu iiponokela tayi tsikile.

Konima yeikutho kohi lyomasiku 18 ndyoka lya kotha oomwenyo 850, Hosni Mubarak okwa li a zi ko koshipundi momasiku 11 Febuluali 2011, sha eta pehuulilo elelo lye lyuukayamukulwa lyoomvula konyala 30. OmuIslam Mohamed Morsi okwa li a ningi omuleli gwotango a hogololwa pawuyuuki moshilongo shika osho shin a Aarab oyendji muuyuni. Ashike konima yomvula, Morsi okwa li a umbwa ko mo2013 komilitali, ya li ya kwatelwa komeho komukuluntu gwetanga lyegameno ethimbo ndyoka, Abdel al-Sisi. Konyala aantu 817 oya li ya sis ho omatanga gegameno ga li ga ponokele ookamba mbali moka mwa li aayambidhidhi yaMorsi. Amnesty International oya ti aantu ye li 600 oya li wo ya si miikonga ya landula ko.

Sisi okwa hogololwa onga president mo2014 osho wo mo2018, ashike omahangano guuthemba womuntu otaga tin aye ota lele nombepo yuukayamukulwa.

Elelo lye olya kolekwa komalunduluko inaaga pandika gekotampango.

Ali Abdullah Saleh okwa li a zi koshipundi mo2012 konima yomvulaayihe yomahololodhilaadhilo.

Ashike oshilongo osha kala muupyakadhi okuza mo2014 sho oolebele dho Hithi Shiite ya li ya ponokele nokukwata ko iitopolwa oyindji yoshilongo, mwa kwatelwa oshilandopangelo Sanaa. Omvula ya landula ko, Saudi Arabia okwa li I imanga uukuni kumwe opo ya ye moshipala oolebele ndhoka. Aantu omayovi oya sila miikolokosha mbika tayi tsikile natango, mwa kwatelwa aakwashigwana oyendji.

OShilongo ngashiingeyi oshi li moshiponga oshinene sho sha taalela ondjala, Iigwanahangano tayi londodha ngaaka. Oshitopolwa oshishona shin a aantu oyendji Aashiite osha li sha mono omakuyunguto muFebuluali 2011 sho aahololimadhilaadhilo taya pula omalunduluko. Ashike oshikonga shika osha li sha hanagulwa po konima yomwedhi sho omatanga ga kwatelwa komeho kuSaudi Arabia ga li ga yi moshitopolwa.

Okuza mpoka, ongundu onene yompilamena oya hulithwa po naantu oyendji oya li ya tulkwa mondholongo osho wo okukuthwa uukwashigwana wawo.

MuFebuluali 2011, omahololodhilaahilo oga li ga holoka ge li ompinge naMoamer Kadhafi noga li ga eta omakuyunguto. Oolebele odha li dhayambidhidhwa koNATO nomomasiku 20 Kotomba, elelo lyaKhadhafi lyoomvula 42 olya li lya hulu sho a kwatwa nokudhipagwa.

Oshilongo shika shin a uuyamba womahooli osha yi mepiyagano sho oongundu mbali dha kala nokukondjithathana. Epangelo lyaLibya ndyoka lya taambwa ko ko-UN olya kala moTripoli okuza mo2015 omanga kakukutu komatanga gomilitali Khalifa Haftar ta yambidhidha epangelo lyi li muuzilo.

Shika osha li msha eta Haftar a ninge onkambadhala mo2019-2020 a umbe ko epangelo moshilandopangelo. Oonkundathana dhombili odha kala nokuningwa okuza moka.

Omahololodhilaadhilo gopambili momasiku 15 Maalitsa 2011 oga li ga eta omayipumomumwe ngoka ga hanagula oshilongo. Sigo oompoka, aantu ya adha po380 000 oya dhipagwa, noomiliona oya tauka omalukalwa gawo.

Oongundu dhoolebele tadhi kondjitha elelo lyaBashar al-Assad odha li dha undulwa mo2013 nomo2014 koomilitia dhoshIslam ngaashi Al-Nusra Front noIslamic State.

Sho taya yambidhidhwa kuRussia, Iran noHezbollah yaLebanon, epangelo lyaAssad oplya kuthulula ko oshityopolwa. Nena, otali kondolola oopelesenda 70 dhoshilongo.

Puushiinda poTurkey, ngoka ta yambidhidha oolebele dhaSyria, okuza mo2016 oya li ya ningi iikonga yomilitali itatu muumbangalantu ya ponokele Aakurd.