Playing British roulette with millions of lives
‘‘Imust level with the British public: many more families are going to lose their loved ones before their time.’’ British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, March 11, 2020. ‘‘Just stay calm. It will go away.’’ United States President Donald Trump, March 10, 2020.
The contrast between the two major populist leaders of the English-speaking world could not have been greater. Trump, who spent two months dismissing the Covid-19 virus as a ‘‘hoax’’ cooked up by his opponents to crash the stock market and scupper his re-election chances, finally did an about-face on March 13 and declared a ‘‘national emergency’’. But last weekend he was still fantasising that ‘‘we have tremendous control’’ over the virus.
Johnson, on the other hand, assumed a grave manner as he delivered the bad news. It’s serious, many people will die, but we do have a plan. The problem is that the plan may kill a great many Britons for nothing if he is wrong – which most experts think he is.
‘‘When I heard about Britain’s ‘herd immunity’ coronavirus plan, I thought it was satire,’’ epidemiologist William Hanage of Harvard University told The Guardian. But it is deadly serious.
Johnson, unlike Trump, listens to scientists, but the ones he listens to most, chief scientific adviser Sir Patrick Vallance and chief medical adviser Chris Whitty, have a plan that most other experts think is crazy.
Herd immunity occurs when a large majority of the community has acquired immunity to a disease. That breaks the chain of transmission for the virus in question, and even those without immunity are fairly safe so long as their numbers stay low.
So this is Johnson’s cunning plan – let the coronavirus spread until about 60 per cent of the population has acquired and survived it. Then the dreaded second wave of the epidemic will not happen, because herd immunity will protect everybody.
Alas, there are a few flaws in this plan. Sixty per cent of the British population is about 40 million people. Only 0.2 per cent of adults under 40 who contract Covid-19 die from it, and those under 10 don’t get sick at all. The death rate goes up steeply for older age groups, but even for those in their 60s it’s only 3.6 per cent. So for all the under70s it’s only – hang on a minute, that’s 445,000 deaths. More than British military deaths in World War II.
This is assuming that Britain’s National Health Service can provide intensive care treatment for all the severe cases of Covid-19. If the UK follows the pattern in China, about one in five coronavirus patients will need intensive care to recover. One in five of 40 million people is eight million.
The number of beds in intensive care units in British hospitals is 4300. Maybe the NHS can improvise 10,000 more, but it still wouldn’t go far if up to eight million severely ill patients need intensive care beds this year, each for weeks at a time. Many more than 445,000 would die.
The whole scheme is lunacy – and we still haven’t got to the plan for the over-70s.
The death rate from Covid-19 for people in their 70s is 8 per cent. For those 80 and over, it’s at least 15 per cent. So while everybody under 70 takes their chances with the virus, all those over 70 must self-isolate for four months. Those who venture out can be fined up to £1000 (NZ$2028) or even jailed.
It’s possible that Johnson’s advisers are right and everybody else is wrong. Maybe there is a devastating second wave coming next winter, and this bizarre plan is the only way to stop it.
But we don’t even know if Covid-19 will have a second wave. There wasn’t with SARS, a similar coronavirus. As Hanage said: ‘‘Vulnerable people should not be exposed to a virus right now in the service of a hypothetical future.’’
Testing, contact tracing and social distancing may turn out to be ineffective. Infections may pick up again in other countries when the rules are finally relaxed. But that strategy is certainly worth a try – whereas Johnson, in the words of Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of leading British medical journal The Lancet, is ‘‘playing roulette with the public’’.
So, not all that much difference between the mini-Trump and the real thing after all. And the herd immunity nonsense probably won’t last long once the British public realises what Johnson’s government is actually planning.
It’s possible that Johnson’s advisers are right and everybody else is wrong ... But we don’t even know if Covid-19 will have a second wave.