Grapes

Traditionally, grapevines (and figs) are pruned in early winter well before their sap begins to rise for the year ahead. This means they will not lose too much sap and bleed to death. There are some pretty scary vine-pruning diagrams you find in books – presumably drawn up for nuclear scientists with too much time on their hands. I just cut anything poking out right back to a main stem on the framework I have created over my pergola.