Jewish voters wary of Right-wing charm offensive
Politically, it could be a fine example of chutzpah.
Six decades after it was founded by former Nazis, Austria’s Freedom Party (FPO) is courting Jewish voters, hoping that its anti-Muslim message will resonate with them and help the party overcome lingering accusations of antiSemitism.
Jewish leaders are dismissive but the party, like others on the European far Right, appears to have its image among the wider electorate in mind as it stages the charm offensive.
‘‘Anti-Semitism, regardless in which form, is a crime against humanity,’’ FPO leader HeinzChristian Strache told a panel discussion on the issue which his party hosted in November.
At the event held in a grand Vienna hotel, Strache also denounced ‘‘a political Islam that seeks world domination’’ – using the kind of language that the Nazis once directed at Jews.
The FPO’s anti-immigration message is drawing support; it has surged in opinion polls, and its candidate came close to winning the Austrian presidency last year.
Like France’s National Front, the FPO has recently expelled members who have publicly expressed anti-Semitic views, including a member of parliament in 2015.
But the party has gone further by making overtures to the Jewish community, including visits by Strache to the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem, and the November event, which featured Israeli politician Rafi Eitan, who led the 1960 operation to capture prominent Nazi Adolf Eichmann.
Whether the FPO is displaying chutzpah – a term for audacity in the Yiddish language, spoken by millions of Jews across central and eastern Europe before the Holocaust – is open to question. However, the party has failed to win over the Jewish Community of Vienna (IKG), the main body representing Austrian Jews.
‘‘A couple of nice comments about Israel do not make this party kosher,’’ said IKG president Oskar Deutsch.
‘‘The FPO’s whole past – and in fact its present – are still xenophobic, and its leaders are trying to set parts of the Austrian population against each other.’’
The FPO’s Norbert Hofer lost a presidential runoff election in May by less than a percentage point. After a court ordered a re-run due to irregularities in the vote count, the IKG issued its first election endorsement in its history. It advised members to vote for Hofer’s rival, independent Alexander Van der Bellen, who eventually won the re-run in December by a more comfortable margin.
The FPO is one of several far Right parties trying to ride a populist wave sweeping Western countries, in the hope of fully joining the political mainstream.
France’s National Front leader Marine Le Pen, who is expected to perform strongly in this year’s French presidential election, has followed a similar path. Last year she rebuked her father, who founded the party, for making remarks that revived long-standing allegations of anti-Semitism.
Hungary’s once virulently antiSemitic Jobbik party also tried to show a more tolerant face by sending greetings to Hungarian Jews for their Hanukkah holiday last month.
In Vienna, Deutsch and other Jewish leaders say the FPO has not addressed its Nazi past as thoroughly as Austria’s more mainstream parties, or fully purged its ranks.
David Lasar, an FPO lawmaker and the only prominent Jewish member of the party, rejects this view. ‘‘I think the party history has been dealt with,’’ said Lasar, who has led the overtures to the Jewish community, pointing to the members expelled under Strache.
Jewish votes are unlikely to swing the result of any Austrian election – the community numbers little more than 10,000 in a country of 8.7 million. Analysts say the overtures are aimed instead at winning favour among the general public.
Opinion polls suggest that the FPO is already the nation’s most popular party, with support of more than 30 per cent.
FPO opponents point to recent cases that suggest lingering antiSemitism by Strache and the party.
In 2012 Strache posted a cartoon on his Facebook page showing a fat banker with a hooked nose and six-point star buttons on his sleeve, gorging himself at the expense of a thin man representing ‘‘the people’’.
During a visit to Yad Vashem in 2010, Strache wore the cap of an Austrian student fraternity. The move drew criticism in Austria, where such groups are often steeped in nostalgia for the country’s Nazi era, when the Jewish population collapsed from about 220,000.
‘‘That might have been a mistake,’’ Lasar said of the cap, but he rejected charges of anti-Semitism.
There are no reliable estimates of how many Jews voted for Hofer in the presidential run-off. ‘‘Jewish people certainly did vote for the FPO . . . out of fear of Muslims and because of the growing number of terror attacks,’’ said Ariel Muzicant, who led the IKG from 1998 to 2012.
The IKG estimates that there are 10,000 to 12,000 Jews in Austria – far fewer than the country’s roughly 600,000 Muslims, some of whom arrived during Europe’s migration crisis.