Zuma gives in to pressure after scandal-hit nine-year presidency

Christopher Torchia analysis

As scandal after scandal unfolded, South African President Jacob Zuma maintained an affable demeanour in public, rallying his support base, dispatching lawyers to fend off court challenges and, it is alleged, enabling his corrupt associates.

Finally, the astute political operator whose on-stage dancing and singing delighted loyalists ran out of options, his reputation shattered by revelations of systemic graft in government.

Abandoned by once-steadfast allies in the ruling party, Zuma was forced to resign yesterday, ending a presidential tenure of nearly a decade, much of it marred by questions about his conduct and character.

In a 30-minute farewell address to the nation, Zuma said he disagreed with the way the ANC had shoved him toward an early exit after the election of Cyril Ramaphosa as party president in December, but would accept its orders.

“I have therefore come to the decision to resign as President of the republic with immediate effect,” Zuma said.

“Even though I disagree with the decision of the leadership of my organisation, I have always been a disciplined member of the ANC,” he said.

Zuma has denied any wrongdoing. But the steady flow, and then flood, of allegations of impropriety on his watch reinforced a sense that South Africa had failed to live up to the hopes of its young democracy when apartheid ended in 1994.

Certainly, South Africa’s economic inequity and other sweeping problems could not be pinned on any one person, and Zuma could point to significant improvements since the end of white minority rule, including during his presidency. But the culture of corruption and impunity that flourished in his orbit could take years to overcome.

As public opinion turned against Zuma, some members of the ruling African National Congress party began to see him as a risk to its hold on power ahead of 2019 elections. His appearances in Parliament turned chaotic as protesting opposition members were removed from the chamber.

The growing discontent over Zuma was evident in 2013 when mourners booed him during a Johannesburg stadium memorial for Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first black President and global statesman.

Before that, Zuma had presided over one of democratic South Africa’s proudest periods — the staging of the World Cup football tournament in 2010. He was also leader during one of the most horrifying events — the Jacob Zuma (above) fatal shooting by police of several dozen protesters during labour unrest at a platinum mine in Marikana in 2012.

Despite his fumbles and periodic scandals, Zuma was remarkably resilient and showed a deft touch during his career. In 2007, he beat then-President Thabo Mbeki in a race to lead the ANC party, opening the way for him to become President in 2009.

Zuma, 75, was born in what is now Kwa-Zulu Natal province, which later became a bedrock of support for the ruling party. South Africa was in the grip of apartheid during his youth, and he joined the armed wing of the ANC in 1962 after the anti-apartheid movement was banned.

He was soon arrested and spent a decade on Robben Island, the prison where Mandela was held for many years.

After his release, Zuma resumed his anti-apartheid activities, later working as head of the intelligence section of the ANC.

After the party took power in the first all-race elections in 1994, Zuma gradually worked his way to the top of its leadership.

He was popular among some South Africans for his personal warmth and populist policies, and some applauded him for embracing what they saw as traditional African values in his personal life.

He had four wives and more than 20 children, according to the website of the South African presidency. Polygamy, though, is not widely practised and was seen by some as old-fashioned.

Additionally, there were questions about what kind of example he was setting by having multiple, concurrent sexual partners in a country that was enduring an Aids epidemic.

In 2006, while being tried on charges of raping an HIV-positive family friend, Zuma was widely criticised for testifying he took a shower after extramarital sex to lower the risk of Aids. He was acquitted of rape.

Still, Zuma called for earlier and expanded treatment for HIV-positive South Africans and urged his countrymen to get tested for HIV.

One of the biggest scandals to hit the President involved Zuma’s private Nkandla residence, where more than US$20 million ($27.1m) was spent for alleged security upgrades that, according to the state ombudsman, were financially “excessive and obscene”. Zuma later paid back some of the money.

His relationship with the Gupta family of Indian immigrant businessmen also drew widespread public anger. Emails leaked to South African media last year detailed how the Guptas attempted to use their proximity to the President to influence political appointments and secure business contracts for their sprawling media, mining and technology conglomerate. Both Zuma and the Guptas denied wrongdoing.

Voters registered their dissatisfaction when in 2016 the ANC had its worst showing at the polls in municipal elections, seeing its vote share fall below 60 per cent for the first time and losing control of key cities, including Johannesburg and the capital, Pretoria.

Zuma now faces the possible reinstatement of corruption charges tied to an arms deal two decades ago.

In December, even as his tenure as the leader of the ruling ANC was coming to an end, Zuma remained defensive in the face of scandal, saying that “being black and successful is being made synonymous to being corrupt”.

The newly elected ANC leader, Ramaphosa, quickly made highprofile statements against corruption — and held private talks in recent days with Zuma on a power transition. As Deputy President, Ramaphosa became the acting head of state after Zuma resigned and is expected to be elected as President by the ANCdominated Parliament and deliver a delayed state of the nation address by the end of the week.

ANC chief whip Jackson Mthembu said before Zuma announced his resignation that Ramaphosa could be sworn in as new head of state as early as tomorrow. Ramaphosa, 65, was the ANC’s chief negotiator with South Africa’s apartheid rulers during the talks that led to the end of white rule, and is seen as a conciliatory figure who could help heal divisions that widened under Zuma. — AP