Today in History

1918 – Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, right, is shot twice by Fanya Kaplan, a member of the Social Revolutionary party. Lenin was seriously wounded but survived.

1928 – Jawaharlal Nehru founds the Independence of India League to work towards freedom from British rule.

1963 – John F Kennedy becomes the first United States president to have a direct phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow.

1974 – A train entering a station in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, derails, killing 153 people.

1991 – The Soviet republic of Azerbaijan declares independence and begins forming its own army.

1999 – East Timor votes 99 per cent in favour of independence after a nationwide referendum.

2001 – Papua New Guinea and Bougainville island rebels sign a peace deal ending the South Pacific’s longest-running conflict.

2003 – Charles Bronson, best known for his tough-guy roles in such films as The Dirty Dozen, dies at the age of 81.

2007 – Taliban terrorists in Afghanistan release the final seven of 23 South Korean captives, ending a six-week hostage drama in which they killed two men.

2015 – Bart Cummings, who trained 12 Melbourne Cup winners, dies at the age of 87.

Birthdays

Mary Shelley, English novelist (Frankenstein) (1797-1851); Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand scientist (1871-1937); Nancy Wake, Australian secret agent (1912-2011); Angelo Dundee, US boxing trainer (1921-2012); Warren Buffett, US businessman (1930-); Bruce McLaren, NZ racing driver (1937-1970); Alex Wylie, NZ rugby player and coach (1944-); Barbara Kendall, NZ board sailor (1967-); Justin Vaughan, NZ cricket administrator (1967-); Cameron Diaz, US actress (1972-); Andy Roddick, US tennis player (1982-); Leisel Jones, Australian swimmer (1985-).