Mexico’s next president sets sights on inequality
Almost all the foreign coverage of Sunday’s Mexican election focuses on the drug wars and the murder rate: 30,000 killed last year, and looking to be even higher this year. But there are 127 million Mexicans, so it’s not really all that bad by Caribbean standards.
Mexico is not even in the top 10 countries in terms of its murder rate, although seven out of those top 10 are in the Caribbean: Honduras, Venezuela, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica and Colombia. In fact, Mexico is ranked at number 20 worldwide, behind apparently safer countries like Brazil, Trinidad, the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas.
The Caribbean is a tough neighbourhood, but Mexico is actually one of its safer places. So why is everybody, including the Mexicans themselves, obsessed with the local murder rate? It’s because the killings are so brazen and spectacular – and that is largely due to the fact that so many of them are part of the incessant wars between the rival drug gangs.
‘‘Cartels’’ is no longer the right word for these gangs. They have splintered into a multitude of rival organisations fighting to maintain or expand their access to the lucrative US market. It’s a bloody business, but it’s not what the election is about – or at least not openly.
We already know who is going to be the president of Mexico for the next six years. It’s ‘‘AMLO’’, short for Andre´ s Manuel Lo´ pez Obrador. The last opinion poll, with only a week to go, put him at 37 per cent of the vote, and his nearest rival at only 20 per cent. He has little to say about the drug war, apart from vague talk about giving some criminals an amnesty. What he concentrates on is inequality.
Traditionally a far poorer place than the other big economies in Latin America, Brazil and Argentina, Mexico is now level-pegging with Brazil in per capita income, though still trailing Argentina. Indeed, if you calculate it in PPP (purchasing power parity), Mexico is now even with Argentina and well ahead of Brazil. The problem is that the income (in all three countries) is so unevenly shared.
At least a third of Mexico’s people live in poverty and, if anything, the inequality has become worse as the economy grew. Some of the slums around the big cities are such deprived and violent places that even ambulances will not go there at night. That is Lo´ pez Obrador’s priority: he will be Mexico’s first left-wing president since the 1930s.
His rivals paint him as a Cha´ vez-style radical who will ruin the economy, but his record as mayor of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005 suggests a much more pragmatic politician: ‘‘Mexico’s Bernie Sanders’’, as some have called him. ‘‘No expropriations, no nationalisations’’, he pledges – but he does promise to address income disparity as no previous Mexican government has done.
It’s remarkable that Mexico had to wait so long for the emergence of a successful leftwing politician. The 60-year stranglehold on power of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) – what it institutionalised was corruption – was broken in the 2000 election, but the winner was the National Action Party (PAN), a centreright, business-friendly organisation.
In 2006 PAN made the fatal mistake, at the behest of the United States, of launching the ‘‘war on drugs’’. In the place of PRI’s policy of co-existence – you sell the drugs in the US, give us a share of the profits, and we’ll leave you alone – it set out to smash the cartels.
It succeeded all too well. That’s when the murder rate took off, as the many fragments of the old cartels fought each other for market share. As long as the demand is there in the US, the drug trade will thrive, but now there is also highly visible carnage in Mexico. Indeed, one of the reasons that PRI came back to power in 2012 was the horror Mexicans felt at the violence unleashed in their streets.
PRI did nothing to solve the problem, however, and it will be an also-ran in this election. Lo´ pez Obrador’s government will be a very different proposition. It may or may not declare a ceasefire in the local drug war, but it will certainly shake up the Mexican elites.
It will also annoy Washington greatly. Lo´ pez Obrador is promising that all 50 Mexican consulates in the United States will help to defend migrants caught up in the American legal system.
‘‘Trump and his advisers speak of the Mexicans the way Hitler and the Nazis referred to the Jews, just before undertaking the infamous persecution and the abominable extermination,’’ Lo´ pez Obrador wrote just after the Great Distractor’s election.
It’s quite likely that within a year the US intelligence services will be tasked with the job of finding ways to bring him down.