It’s a deal – now back to the animosity
The landmark nuclear- power pact between the US and Iran isn’t bringing a wider peace, writes
Even as their highest- ranking diplomats were shaking hands this week on a landmark nuclear accord, the United States and Iran continued moving weapons, money and fighters across the Middle East in an uninterrupted shadow war.
At secret CIA bases in Jordan, US operatives continued to arm and train fighters being sent into Syria to oust an important ally of Iran.
In Saudi Arabia, American military advisers remained at a command centre selecting targets for airstrikes in Yemen against Shia rebels allied with Tehran.
At the same time, Iran offered no indication that it intends to suspend its support to Hizbollah, militia groups in Iraq or troops loyal to Syrian leader Bashar al- Assad.
The agreement to curtail Iran's nuclear programme was hailed by President Barack Obama and other world leaders as a step toward stability in the Middle East.
But there are already competing theories about whether it will help defuse other disputes, or lead hardliners to dig in and use the expected jolt to Iran's economy to escalate long- running proxy wars.
US officials have sought to reassure Middle East allies who fear that the lifting of sanctions on Iran will lead to an economic surge that would enable Tehran to increase its support for militant groups.
On Thursday, Obama expressed hope the deal might result in conversations on other subjects with an Iran that is “less aggressive, less hostile, more co- operative”. But he also voiced significant doubt.
“Will we try to encourage them to take a more constructive path? Of course,” he said. “But we're not betting on it.”
Republicans have criticised the agreement as likely to embolden Iran in its competition with Israel, Saudi Arabia and other US allies. Even within the Administration, there are widely divergent views on how the deal might affect stability in the Middle East.
Obama, for whom the agreement i s a signature foreign policy accomplishment, has made the case that reopening Iran's shattered economy will strengthen moderates in the country and push hardliners away from militant activities that prompted broad, international penalties.
Vali Nasr, a former State Department official who serves as dean of Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, urged the Obama Administration to use the nuclear deal to foster more open dealings with Iran over issues such as Isis ( Islamic State), the militant group that now controls much of Iraq and Syria.
“We're not in the Arab world of pre- 2011 where you have all these stable regimes that are our friends, and even those that are not our friends have control of their territory,” Nasr said.
“We're now in an era in the Middle East that is orders of magnitude more complicated. We have to take stock of the reality, rather than focusing only on what Iran is doing.”
Others, however, fear the agreement might prompt hardliners in Iran who are worried about a loss of standing to reassert themselves by intensifying support to Shia militias in Iraq or even endorsing attacks on the expanding US presence there.
The US has about 3500 troops in Iraq as the White House broadens its campaign against Isis.
The most religiously conservative elements in Iran have historically held sway over the Quds Force, the foreign military wing of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, and are most likely to oppose the nuclear deal.
Speaking to lawmakers last week, Obama's top military aide, General Martin Dempsey, cited an array of “malign activities” that Iran might continue. Among them are weapons trafficking, cyberattacks and the use of marine mines.
Iran also continues to hold Americans, including Washington Post correspondent Jason Rezaian, on espionage and other charges.
Obama said on Thursday that “our diplomats and our teams are working diligently to try to get them out”, but said the negotiations could not be linked to their release.
The US has engaged in its own cyber- sabotage campaign to derail Iran's nuclear programme. It i s unclear whether such efforts will now be suspended because of the agreement, but many expect US espionage efforts against Iran to intensify to monitor compliance with the accord.
Iranian officials have chided Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his fervent opposition to the nuclear deal, which many in Iran greeted as a tentative but potentially significant turning point in the country's long- standing and costly conflict with the West.
But the agreement also prompted more cynical praise from Iran's regional allies.
In Syria, Assad struck an emphatically expectant note.
“We are confident that the Islamic Republic of Iran will support, with greater drive, just causes of nations and work for peace and stability in the region and the world,” he said.
Thousands of Iran- backed Hizbollah militants are fighting alongside Syrian forces, and Assad recently ratified a US$ 1 billion ($ 1.5 billion) line of credit from Tehran.
In Iraq, Tehran's influence appears to be at an all- time high, as Iranianequipped Shia militia groups have helped reverse gains made by the Sunni- dominated Isis.
Iranian- backed militias killed at least 500 American troops in the Iraq war. But in a measure of how political turbulence has scrambled traditional alignments, the US and Iran are now wary allies in the campaign against Isis
Forces from Iranian- backed militias have massed around the Iraqi city of Fallujah, US officials say, complementing the offensive started