The Surgeon General warns . . . but Britain disagrees
E- cigarette use is exploding among young people and i s now “a major public health concern”, the United States’ Surgeon General warned yesterday, sparking disagreement from experts in Britain where the devices are seen more favourably.
The battery- powered devices heat a liquid containing nicotine into a vapour that is inhaled, and some experts worry that a new generation of smokers is becoming addicted.
About one in six US high school students say they have used e- cigarettes in the past month.
“E- cigarette use has increased considerably in recent years, growing an astounding 900 per cent among high school students from 2011 to 2015,” said Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, in a preface to the report.
“These products are now the most commonly used form of tobacco among youth in the United States, surpassing conventional tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and hookahs.”
Murthy said the dangers of e- cigarettes include nicotine, which “can cause addiction and can harm the developing adolescent brain”. For young people, nicotine use in any form is unsafe, said the report, which was written and reviewed by more than 150 experts.
It also said the secondhand aerosol that i s exhaled into the air by e- cigarette users can expose others to potentially harmful chemicals.
But Murthy admitted to “gaps in scientific evidence” of the dangers.
“For example, the health effects and potentially harmful doses of heated and aerosolised constituents of e- cigarette liquid — including solvents, flavourants and toxicants — are not completely understood,” he said. “However, although e- cigarettes generally emit fewer toxicants than combustible tobacco products, we know that aerosol from e- cigarettes is not harmless.”
He urged greater federal regulations, raising and enforcing minimum age of sale laws, and media campaigns to educate the public.
The report could serve as an “important document for healthcare providers, policy makers and others”, said Patricia Folan, director of the Centre for Tobacco Control at Northwell Health in New York.
Experts in Britain, however, questioned the US take on e- cigarettes as a threat.
“The position in the UK is very different,” said Kevin Fenton, national director of health and wellbeing at Public Health England.
“Our review of the evidence found e- cigarette use carries a fraction of the risk of smoking, a conclusion reiterated by the Royal College of Physicians earlier this year,” he said.
“No new evidence has been published to contradict this.”
And multiple studies have shown that e- cigarettes may help traditional smokers abandon cigarettes.
Research released this year by the University College London showed that e- cigarettes may have helped about 18,000 smokers in England kick the tobacco habit last year.
Peter Hajek, director of the Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at Queen Mary University of London, described vaping as “a great public health opportunity” as it can help smokers move away from cigarettes.
“The new US report’s conclusions do not tally with what the actual data show,” he added. “It is simply not true that e- cigarettes are a tobacco product or that vaping lures children to smoking or that it creates dependence in non- smokers.”
Len Horovitz, a pulmonary specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, disagreed, saying teens could take up smoking cigarettes after using e- cigarettes. “The gateway to cigarette smoking may still be the e- cigarette, and there is no safe level of traditional smoking.”
Worldwide, smoking kills about 6 million people each year, mostly in low- income countries, according to the World Health Organisation.