Climate change: Scientists research stress-tolerant legumes
Farmers in Zamfara State have endorsed Governor Bello Muhammad Matawalle’s decision to revoke farmland allocations, saying a lot of racketeering was the order of the day in respect of farmland distribution in the state.
Farmers who spoke to Daily Trust on Sunday on the matter said land racketeers were among major contributors to herders/ farmers conflicts that bedevilled the state for many years, adding that the state government’s intervention came at the right time.
A farmer in Dansadau, Alhaji Ya’u Muhammad, said a lot of cattle routes and grazing reserves in Dansadau district had been taken over by farmers, to the extent that herders sometimes had no options than to drive their cows into people’s farmlands, whether the crops had been harvested or not.
“There are many hectares of land allocated to farmers on the order of the state government. The demands for allocation of the farmlands by farmers most times are a result of pressure.
“This is because the population is growing; hence the pressure on the available lands by residents. Racketeers are part of the problems. This is because whenever the state government ordered for such allocations, say, 200 hectares, the forestry officers and some traditional rulers would connive to add 800 hectares to the 200 already earmarked by government.
“I can tell you that in this district, wherever the state government orders for land allocation, if it instructed that 100 hectares be allocated, an additional 400 hectares would be titled, and where 200 hectares are to be titled, an additional 800 hectares would be made, and most times without the prior knowledge of the state authorities.
“Still in Dansadau district, one university professor from Zuru was allocated 1,000 hectares of land by the emirate council. The land is along the Zamfara-Kebbi border. After he sensed that the state government was planning to revoke all land titles, he demanded that his money be paid back to him to cede the land.
“The proceeds from the land allocation would be shared among the stakeholders. This is what has been happening for quite a long time. With state government’s decision to revoke land allocations, I am going to be affected, and I will have to forfeit some of my lands too,’’ Mohammed said.
“What is surprising is that such land allocations are being done without any official document backing them up. The forestry officers will just verbally ask one to go and till the land if one so wished, but with payment of money. The action taken by the state government is the right way to go if farmers’ productivity is to be assured,” he added.
Another farmer from Anka Local Government Area, Alhaji Yusuf Ibrahim, said the way some bigwigs in the state were acquiring lands without utilisation was worrisome. He said land owners were not putting the huge hectares of land they acquired in use, thus affecting small holder farmers’ productivity.
“So many of these people will scramble for lands, and after they are allocated, they would remain uncultivated for many years. This is also affecting the potential output of farmers, especially smallholder ones.’’
A farmer in Tsafe Local Government, Ashiru Nazamani, said with revocation of farm titles by the state authorities, he would forfeit his 10 hectares of land, which he bought from a forestry officer, whose name he did not mention. He said he would be left with nothing or little to fall back on.
“I was allocated the land, but it took me like five years to make it productive because
I had to make a lot of stumping and bush clearing before I could start planting crops on it.
“Long ago, I was told the land was originally a cattle route. But I did not bother because I didn’t just take over the land; I was given the land by an official,’’ he said. Asked if he had any valid document, he answered in the negative.
However, the secretary of the All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN), Alhaji Saidu Garkuwa, said they were in support of anything that would bring peace or ease tension between farming and herding communities in the state.
“Many farmers will be affected by government’s decisions because many of them acquired the lands over 20 years ago. So it will really affect them to lose these farmlands overnight, even though government said they would review the allocation, using another parameter.
“The decision is good. This is because farmers are always at the receiving end. A lot of farmers have lost their produce to crises. Sometimes the herders would just feed their cattle on crops and a farmer can’t resist it. And this is happening because of the pressure on lands as a result of the growing population,’’ he said.
Last week, Governor Matawalle revoked all titles/allocations of farmlands that were made in the state from 1999 till date. He said the action became necessary in order to address issues of insecurity arising from farmers/herders conflicts, strongly believed to be connected with the allocation of farmlands in grazing reserves, along cattle routes and forest reserves.
Matawalle also approved the constitution of an investigation committee, with a view to resolving conflicts caused directly or indirectly by farmland allocations in the state.
He, however, said new allocations would be made immediately after the committee reviewed and submitted its report to government, adding that the composition of the committee members would soon be made public.
The revocation took effect from November 29, 2019, and all the affected persons were advised to comply with the government directive.
The governor assured the people of of his administration’s resolve to end all the conflicts in the state. He appreciated the support and cooperation his administration was getting from the people.
As the effect of climate change on arable lands continues to disrupt food quality and availability in various ways, development of crops that can yield under uncertain and extreme climatic and soil conditions would play a key role in improving food security.
To this end, Stress Tolerance Orphan Legume (STOL) crops such as mung bean, moth beans, bambara nut, dolichols beans, and horse gram are significant food sources, but they are understudied.
Currently, four species of orphan legume cowpea, which may provide families with food security of high nutritional value and boost their economies are being investigated by scientists at the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi (FUAM) in Benue State.
The study is in partnership with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, with financial support from the Kirkhouse Trust to improve the productivity of the crops for use in dry land systems across sub-Saharan Africa and India.
Daily Trust on Sunday gathered that some of these legumes were planted by farmers, but they are no longer in existence due to low yields. So the institution is undertaking research to improve the productivity of the crops and attract farmers to plant them again and make a fortune from them.
Some farmers and top officials of the institution, including the vice chancellor, Prof Richard Kimbir, were conducted round the field, where the orphan legumes have been planted. Scientists are conducting research to showcase the potentials of the crop.
Members of the research team, Dr Abigail Ochigbo and Dr Olalekan, expressed confidence that the plants were adapting to the Nigerian soil.
According to Ochigbo, “The orphans are doing well, and we will start harvesting them soon. We are trying them for multiplication. We will work on the sizes. We will cross them; some of them with our real cowpea.”
The research team explained that the STOLs were the future crops to mitigate the effect of climate change as they are tolerant to environmental stresses.
Expectedly, many farmers within and outside Makurdi expressed confidence in the efforts of the scientists to mitigate climate change on farming.
Some of the farmers who spoke to our correspondent appreciated the performance of the crops in the field and plan to plant them when the season is due.
Terkaa Samuel said that in the next planting season, he would try the seed on the portion of his cowpea farm in a Makurdi village.
The vice chancellor of FUAM, Prof Kimbir, assured farmers that the university had taken proactive steps to collaborate with village heads of communities around the institution to ensure that cases of crop theft would be a thing of the past.
Kimbir, who was visibly impressed, urged scientists not to relent in their efforts, and told farmers that the university would help them with the right information on the best practices that would enhance better yield. He urged them to put in more efforts at cultivating the varieties developed by the university to increase income and improve their livelihoods.
Also, the head of department of the Plant Breeding and Seed System of the university, Dr Peter Kortse, said the Seed Technology Centre of the institution was already producing in a large scale, the cowpea it developed.