Press freedom at 13-year low
Global press freedom has hit a 13-year low, threatened by US President Donald Trump’s media bashing and restrictions pursued by both democratic and authoritarian governments, a watchdog said on Friday. A survey by Freedom House, a US-based human rights organisation, highlighted growing concerns over efforts by governments around the world to clamp down on media and dissent. “Political leaders and other partisan forces in many democracies — including the United States, Poland, the Philippines, and South Africa — attacked the credibility of independent media and fact-based journalism, rejecting the traditional watchdog role of the press in free societies,” said Jennifer Dunham, who headed the research.
In the 2016 study of 199 countries, the group concluded that just 13 per cent of the world’s population enjoys a “free press” where coverage of political news is robust, the safety of journalists guaranteed, state intrusion in media affairs minimal, and the press is not subject to onerous legal or economic pressures. Another 42 per cent of the world’s population has a “partly free” press and 45 per cent live in countries where the media environment is “not free,” the group said. Friday’s report echoed a similar survey released this week by France-based Reporters Without Borders, which said press freedom is facing serious threats in 72 countries, downgrading the rankings of the United States, Britain and others.
The Freedom House report said press rights are being eroded by the efforts of politicians in democratic states to shape news coverage and delegitimise media outlets. “When politicians lambaste the media, it encourages their counterparts abroad to do the same,” Freedom House president Michael Abramowitz said. Press freedom was on a modest decline in the US even before Trump took office because of the industry’s financial woes and news organisations’ increasingly partisan positions, the report said. But Trump is worsening the situation with his attacks on “fake news” and characterisation of the news media as “enemies of the people,” according to Freedom House. Russia especially is taking advantage of the situation by seeking to manipulate news and social media content in other countries, Freedom House said. The worst scores for press freedom went to North Korea, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and the top to Norway, the Netherlands and Sweden. Press freedom is also under threat from surveillance laws designed to fight terrorism, the report said.
Countries with notably sharp declines in press freedom included Turkey, due to increased censorship, closures of independent media outlets and a sharp rise in detentions and violence against journalists.