How Afghanistan’s urban gardens are changing women’s lives
JALALABAD: It may look like they’re just planting and weeding, but for the women tending the public gardens of Jalalabad, the tasks represent far more: the rare chance to work outside the home in one of Afghanistan’s most conservative and unstable provinces.
A hood and scarf partially hiding their faces, the women working in the eastern city’s public gardens wear an ample fluorescent orange work blouse — like their male colleagues — which contrasts sharply with the deep green of the grass.
It is a dapper take on the traditional sky-blue burqa worn by the few other women seen in public in Jalalabad.
For six days a week the women gardeners — all of them poor, and many of them widowed — are busy between the rose hedges and the fruit trees.
Their salary, amounting to roughly $130 per month, is for most of them the first they have ever earned.
“Men think the women can work only inside their home. By doing this, we are showing to everybody the women can do much more,” says team leader Lailuma Shirzad, 26, so wrapped in hood and scarf that only her eyes show.
Employing women was not an obvious choice in Nangarhar.
The province — home to the Tora Bora mountain range, where Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden hid after the 9/11 attacks — is now a stronghold of the IS group, where they compete with the Taliban.
The United Nations agency Unhabitat, which is behind the initiative, had to negotiate hard with families.
“For most women, this is the first work experience out of the home,” said Mohammad Nader Sargand, head of Un-habitat’s “Clean and Green City” programme in Jalalabad.
But the culture of Pashtuns, the dominant ethnic group in eastern Afghanistan, “imposes so many restrictions on women, far more than Islam,” he says. “It’s not allowed for women to go outside without a man of the family.”
The programme, launched in 2016, aims to create, rehabilitate and maintain urban parks in Afghanistan’s main cities by employing the most vulnerable: including women and those displaced by war.
Some 8,000 apprentice gardeners selected from among these populations have been hired in a dozen provinces, including Kabul.
Among them are 1,000 women. One hundred of them, aged 18 to 60, are active in Jalalabad.
According to the World Bank, 19 per cent of Afghan women had official jobs in 2017.
“Jalalabad and Kandahar have been proved the most difficult areas to work in,” says Sargand, citing the southern city that is the birthplace of the Taliban and, like Jalalabad, a Pashtun and conservative bastion.
In an Asia Foundation study in May 2017, 66 per cent of Pashtun Afghans surveyed accepted the idea of women working outside the home — compared to 74 per cent of the national average.
“The main concern was to make sure that women would not be in contact with men outside the family,” says Sargand.
“In the first week, brothers and husbands continually checked that their virtue and dignity were preserved.”
Most of the women are untrained widows, their husbands’ deaths leaving them destitute in a country where men are often the sole breadwinners in their families.