Oman Daily Observer

Climate change making disasters worse

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Record typhoons, biblical floods, heatwaves, landslides and earthquake­s: this summer, Japan really has seen it all and images of the destructio­n caused have been beamed around the world. And while world-class infrastruc­ture and high-tech warning systems means the death toll and damage is generally lower in Japan than elsewhere, climate change is putting that to the test, experts say.

Moreover, citizens used to decades of natural disasters may be underestim­ating the risk posed by stronger climate changerela­ted phenomena.

More than 220 died in floods in July mainly because “less than one per cent of people affected by local evacuation recommenda­tions actually went to the shelters, thinking that there would not be a problem,” notes Jean-francois Heimburger, an expert on natural disasters in the country.

Unlike in other countries, even the highest levels of evacuation orders in Japan are not compulsory and the vast majority of people ignore them.

“People tend to treat advisories too complacent­ly based on their personal experience­s,” said Kimio Takeya, visiting professor at Tohoku University, who also sits on a UN climate change body.

But in this era of climate change, personal experience is no longer a reliable guide.

“We are seeing rainfall that we have not seen before. Past experience does not help in this regard. It is also difficult to evacuate your home when rain falls at night,” he added.

Local government­s produce “hazard maps” to show where residences are in danger of flooding or from landslides or tsunamis, but they are little used and public awareness of them is low.

This raises the question: Why would anyone live at the bottom of a mountain in such a seismicall­y active country?

For one thing, explains Takeya, roughly 75 per cent of the country is mountainou­s, so there will always likely be some inhabitant­s — often farmers — living nearby.

And farmers traditiona­lly cultivated the flat land for rice fields, building farmhouses on the land right at the bottom of the mountain.

“Families do not leave ancestral properties because the Japanese patriarcal system is tied to land,” said Takeya.

Unfortunat­ely, this sometimes leads to scenes like those played out this week in Atsuma, a small community engulfed by a landslide.

Neverthele­ss, analysts point out that Japan is still well-equipped to deal with such catastroph­es and death tolls are often surprising­ly low.

“Had these disasters happened in other nations, the damage would have been hugely worse, maybe 50 times had they happened in Europe or other parts of Asia,” said Takeya.

Until recently, Japan invested up to seven per cent of its national budget on disaster mitigation, which significan­tly improved its resilience, he added.

Only a handful of people died as a direct result of Thursday’s 6.6-magnitude earthquake on the northern island of Hokkaido. The overwhelmi­ng majority of casualties were residents of a few dozen dwellings hit by the landslide.

High-tech Japan has “weather forecasts that are more precise thanks to better satellites and new houses and buildings that are more resistant to shocks,” said Heimburger.

Local government­s produce “hazard maps” to show where residences are in danger of flooding or from landslides or tsunamis, but they are little used and public awareness of them is low

 ?? — Reuters ?? Landslides caused by an earthquake are seen in Atsuma town, Hokkaido, northern Japan, in this photo taken by Kyodo on Friday.
— Reuters Landslides caused by an earthquake are seen in Atsuma town, Hokkaido, northern Japan, in this photo taken by Kyodo on Friday.

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