US economy suffered historic plunge in second quarter
WASHINGTON: The US economy likely contracted at its steepest pace since the Great Depression in the second quarter as the COVID-19 pandemic destroyed consumer and business spending, potentially wiping out more than five years of growth.
The bulk of the historic plunge in gross domestic product expected to be reported by the Commerce Department on Thursday occurred in April when activity almost ground to an abrupt halt after restaurants, bars and factories among others were shuttered in midmarch to slow the spread of coronavirus.
Though activity picked up starting in May, momentum has slowed amid a resurgence in new cases of the illness, especially in the densely populated South and West regions where authorities in hard-hit areas are closing businesses again or pausing reopenings. That has tempered hopes of a sharp rebound in growth in the third quarter.
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Wednesday acknowledged the slowdown in activity. The US central bank kept interest rates near zero and pledged to continue pumping money into the economy.
“The bottom fell out of the economy in the second quarter,” said Sung Won Sohn, a finance and economics professor at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. “The outlook is not very good. Americans are not behaving well in terms of social distancing, the infection rate is unacceptably high and that means economic growth cannot gain any traction.”
Gross domestic product probably collapsed at a 34.1 per cent annualized rate last quarter, according to a survey of economists. That would be the deepest decline in output since the government started keeping records in 1947.
The drop in GDP would be more than triple the previous all-time decline of 10 per cent in the second quarter of 1958. On a nonannualized basis, GDP likely tumbled 10.6 per cent. The economy contracted 5 per cent in the first quarter.
“The forecast implies that the level of real GDP actually fell by roughly 11 per cent in the first two quarters of 2020,” said Lou Crandall, chief economist at Wrightson ICAP in Jersey City. “If so, that would wipe out more than five years of growth, and pull real GDP back to its levels last seen in the middle of 2014, at least as currently reported.”
With the second-quarter
GDP report, the government will publish revisions to data going back five years. The economy slipped into recession in February.
The plunge in GDP and faltering recovery could put pressure on the White House and Congress to agree on a second stimulus package. President Donald Trump, whose opinion poll numbers have tanked as he struggles to manage the pandemic, economic crisis and protests over racial injustice three months before the Nov. 3 election, said on Wednesday he was in no hurry. Economists say without the historic fiscal package of nearly $3 trillion, the economic contraction would have been deeper. The package offered companies help paying wages and gave millions of unemployed Americans a weekly $600 supplement, which expires on Saturday. Many companies have exhausted their loans. This, together with the sky-rocketing coronavirus infections is keeping layoffs elevated.
— Reuters