IMF says US companies are paying China tariff costs

Companies in the US are paying almost all the costs from Donald Trump's tariffs on Chinese imports, IMF researchers said in findings that dispute the president's assertions that China is footing the bill.

IMF researchers found "tariff revenue collected has been borne almost entirely by US importers," according to the International Monetary Fund's blog post released Thursday.

"Some of these tariffs have been passed on to US consumers, like those on washing machines, while others have been absorbed by importing firms through lower profit margins." The report concludes what most private economists have argued for months: that China doesn't pay US tariffs, American consumers and companies do. "Consumers in the US and China are unequivocally the losers from trade tensions," the IMF paper said.

It's rare for the IMF to disagree with its largest shareholder, and the paper was released just as the rhetoric in Mr Trump's trade war with China reaches a boiling point.

"For 10 months, China has been paying Tariffs to the USA of 25% on 50 Billion Dollars of High Tech, and 10% on 200 Billion Dollars of other goods," Mr Trump tweeted on May 5.

Trade talks between Beijing and Washington stalled this month as Mr Trump accused China of backing out of a deal that was taking shape. In response, Trump increased levies on US$200 billion in Chinese imports to 25 per cent from 10 per cent, prompting retaliation from Beijing.

The US has also released a list of about US$300 billion in Chinese goods that could face additional tariffs, including clothing, toys and mobile phones. Those levies, if imposed, would cover essentially all Chinese imports and hit a broader swath of American households.

Earlier this month, White House economic director Larry Kudlow acknowledged "both sides will suffer" from the widening US-China trade war, while predicting that the impact on US jobs and growth from higher tariffs on Chinese goods would be "de minimis."

On Thursday, China blamed Washington for wrecking the talks and insisted the US must alter its "wrong practices" before negotiations can resume. Financial markets, meanwhile, are slumping amid prospects for a long dispute between the world's two largest economies.

Co-written by IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath, the paper says a trade war that escalates with all the threatened tariffs will subtract about a third of a percentage point of from global gross domestic product, "with half stemming from business and market confidence effects."

"This type of scenario is among the reasons why we referred to 2019 as a delicate year for the global economy," the IMF economists wrote. The fund in April cut its 2019 forecast for global growth to 3.3 per cent, the lowest since the financial crisis, citing higher tariffs weighing on trade and weakness in some advanced economies.

The IMF sounded the alarm on Thursday about the escalating US-China trade war, warning it will "jeopardise" 2019 global growth, undermine confidence and raise prices for consumers. Gita Gopinath, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist, directly refuted President Donald Trump's claim that tariffs are paid by China and provide a windfall for the US treasury, and that his aggressive posture will help reduce the US trade deficit.

She and her co-authors warned in a blog post that the economic damage will be even worse if Trump goes through with the threat to impose steep tariffs on all goods imported from China, as that "will subtract about one-third of a percentage point of global GDP in the short term."