Tech’s promise & peril
The best of times and arguably the worst of times. This is how an important new book sees what advanced artificial intelligence and biotechnology can mean for the future of humanity.
The Coming Wave joins a growing body of literature on one of the defining dynamics of the 21st century, the transformative impact of new technology.
Its author Mustafa Suleyman, is uniquely qualified to assess both the opportunities for human advancement offered by new technologies and challenges, which can result in dystopian outcomes. He is the co-founder of two AI companies, which did innovative work in this field. Therefore, his perspectives are those of a tech insider.
His book takes forward the global discourse on the promise and perils of new technology.
An illuminating work coauthored by Henry Kissinger, Eric Schmidt and Daniel Huttenlocher, The Age of AI: and our Human Future, published in 2021, also made a significant contribution to this debate. In fact, AI breakthroughs are now outpacing understanding of their full implications at a time when predictions abound that AI capabilities will exceed those of humans within a few years.
Modern technology has powered multiple positive developments, empowering people, improving lives, increasing productivity, advancing medical and scientific knowledge and transforming societies.
Technological developments have helped to fuel unprecedented social and economic progress. But advanced technologies are also creating disruption, new vulnerabilities and harmful repercussions, which have yet to be mitigated or effectively managed.
Suleyman shows how the coming wave of technology will take human history to a turning point. The two core technologies that constitute the coming wave, AI and biotechnology, will bring about unprecedented progress and wealth. But their proliferation will also unleash many adverse effects, even “catastrophe on an unimaginable scale”.
He calls this the “great metaproblem of the 21st century”, which his thought-provoking book examines by focusing on the bind that exists between risks and rewards and how to deal with it.
Suleyman’s principal concern is how to “constrain” technology so that it serves and does not hurt humanity. He discusses what he calls the “containment problem”, the task of ensuring control of valuable technology as it gets cheaper, more accessible and spreads faster than ever before.
For Suleyman, human history can be told through a series of waves. Explaining what he means by a wave he says it is “a set of technologies coming together around the same time powered by one or several new general-purpose technologies with profound societal implications”. He incisively recounts the history of technology and how it spreads with both intended and unintended consequences, giving rise to the containment challenge.
He describes technology’s inevitable challenge to be its makers losing control over the trajectory their inventions take once they are readily available.
The uses to which these inventions are put are not in anyone’s control. They are unpredictable and also difficult to forestall. This, in turn, produces what Suleyman terms “revenge effects”, which means technology going in the wrong direction at odds with its original purpose.
Technology always creates problems that makes containment necessary to check its harmful effects on society. Yet the containment problem remains unresolved.
But according to Suleyman, there is an exception, nuclear technology, the most “contained technology in history”. Its spread has been curbed by the non-proliferation policy of nuclear powers driven by fears about their devastating effects. Also, nuclear weapons are immensely complex and costly to develop.
The book’s survey of AI’s evolution, punctuated by his own company’s discoveries, makes compelling reading.
The author casts the advent of AI and synthetic biology to be an inflection point as these technologies address the world’s two foundational principles, intelligence and life. They are opening up unprecedentedly new areas, engineering life and competing with and even threatening to overtake human intelligence.
This technological wave, with AI as its pivot, will be tougher to contain. But understanding it, writes Suleyman, will be the key to accurately assess its many ramifications, especially as mass-scale AI is now advancing by leaps and bounds.
Suleyman’s principal concern is how to “constrain” technology so that it serves and does not hurt humanity. He discusses what he calls the “containment problem”, the task of ensuring control of valuable technology as it gets cheaper, more accessible and spreads faster than ever before.