Heroines of Pinoy literature
Philippine literature has no shortage of captivating heroes. For generations of students and readers, these characters have taken on valuable roles; they captivate the imagination and, in turn, inspire a sense of civic duty.
Notably, among the most celebrated characters were written under Spanish subjugation — particularly, Jose Rizal’s Crisostomo Ibarra (later Simoun) in the Noli and Fili. As years pass, however, the imbalance of power between sexes becomes more glaring, especially with the influence of more progressive attitudes toward the depiction of women.
In acknowledging this turn, we’ve compiled these courageous, hard-nosed Filipina characters from our own literature. This is not by any means a comprehensive list; rather, one that seeks to impress upon young readers a Filipina beyond capable of grit and bravery.
Lea Bustamante Bata, Bata, Pa’no Ka Ginawa? by Lualhati Bautista
In the popular novel (later adapted into an even more popular film), this Filipina mother braves myriad trials; the emotional distance between a parent and child, the pressures of maintaining a household, and keeping her private desires in check. Her challenges are universal, but everpresent and towering to women across the world.
Geronima De Vera America Is Not The Heart by Elaine Castillo
Radicalized by Ferdinand Marcos’ despotic rule in the 1970s, Geronima, or Hero, drops out of medical school to join the armed struggle. In the countryside, she was a cadre doctor to rebels for over a decade. The novel depicts Hero grappling with her own sense of civic duty as she relocates to California, estranged from her powerful family.
Amanda Bartolome Dekada ’70 by Lualhati Bautista
Another strong-willed mother penned by Bautista, Amanda has to raise her sons amid the turmoil of martial rule. As her sons take to the armed struggle, Amanda has to reckon with their commitment to freedom fighting and their own safety. Ultimately, she makes a sacrifice few are prepared to make.
Melchora Aquino Sugar and Salt by Ninotchka Rosca
This short fable presents Melchora Aquino, the Grand Woman of the Revolution, and her “nine gifts” to the Philippines, each representing her legacies. The gifts are symbolic of women’s importance to society — water buffaloes and a porcelain jar, among them — and the roles they can play in shaping their communities.
Sadyah Zapanta-Lopez Lumbay ng Dila by Genevieve L. Asenjo
For Lumbay, Asenjo was awarded a special citation for Excellence in Fiction in a Philippine Language in the Juan C. Laya Prize in the 2011 Philippine National Book Awards. The novel tells the story of Zapanta-Lopez, a university professor, trying to uncover the truth behind her family’s role in a massacre.