Anti-stroke drugs also protect against dementia
PARIS — People with heart trouble who take blood-thinning medication to avoid strokes may also significantly reduce their risk of dementia, a study published Wednesday said.
Researchers found that of 444,106 patients in Sweden who had atrial fibrillation, an abnormal heart condition that can provoke strokes, those taking drugs to prevent blood clots had a 29 percent lower risk of developing dementia.
The risk further decreased as patients continued to take the medication, they reported in the European Heart Journal.
The study – the largest ever on the link between anticoagulants and dementia in atrial fibrillation patients – looked at data from Swedish health registries covering the period 2006-2014.
The strong link with dementia suggests blood thinners are responsible for lowering risk, but clinical trials would be needed to establish cause-and-effect, the scientists said.
There is, however, a catch.
"Such studies cannot be done because of ethical reasons," said lead author Leif Friberg, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
"It is not possible to give placebo to atrial fibrillation patients and then wait for dementia or stroke to occur."
Scientists had speculated that anticoagulants might stave off dementia because they prevent tiny clots that can cause unnoticed microscopic strokes, a major contributor to cognitive decline.
Researchers identified all patients in Sweden diagnosed with atrial fibrillation between 20062014. They then checked on what drugs had been prescribed, and followed the patients' progress.
When they first joined the study, 54 percent of patients were not taking oral anticoagulants such as warfarin or apixaban.
The researchers found that the strongest predictors for dementia were lack of oral anticoagulant treatment, ageing, Parkinson's disease and alcohol abuse.
They also found that the sooner oral anticoagulant treatment was started after a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, the greater the protective effect against dementia.