Vaping: Lighting Up, StUbbing OUt

Two decades after they first appeared, e-cigarettes have been widely credited with helping people quit smoking. But concerns are growing over the risk of teens becoming hooked on nicotine through candy-colored disposable vapes, with flavors such as chocolate and bubblegum. AFP looks back at the highs and lows of the vaping vogue:

Born in China

In 2003, Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik, a heavy smoker hoping to kick the habit, develops the first electronic alternative to cigarettes.

A year later, the firm he works for brings out the first e-cigarettes, called Ruyan ("like smoke").

The birth of vaping comes in the year that Ireland bans smoking in workplaces, including pubs and restaurants, sparking a global clampdown on smoking indoors.

E-cigarettes arrive on the EU market in 2006 and a year later in the United States.

Early Doubts

Many doctors welcome the devices, which are tar-free, as a potential life-saver in the fight against cancer, heart disease, strokes and other diseases caused by the toxins in traditional cigarettes.

But the UN health agency, the World Health Organization, is skeptical about their benefits.

"As far as WHO is aware, no rigorous, peer-reviewed studies have been conducted showing that the electronic cigarette is a safe and effective nicotine replacement therapy," it says in 2008.

From the mid-2010s on, there are growing reports of the dangers of teens inhaling vapor containing nicotine, which can harm the developing adolescent brain.

More than 30 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Mexico, North Korea and Singapore ban the sale of e-cigarettes.

Enters the Dictionary

In 2014, "vape" is designated word of the year by the Oxford University Press and enters the dictionary.

The habit takes off in the US, Europe and parts of Asia.

The number of users shoots up from around seven million in 2011, according to Euromonitor market research group, to 82 million a decade later, according to the US NGO Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction.

Deadly Lung Illness

In 2019-2020, the US is at the center of a health crisis tied to vaping, with at least 68 people dying and over 2,800 others falling sick with an acute lung illness linked to vaping products containing cannabis.

In February 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration bans the sale of many flavored e-cigarettes, with the exception of tobacco and menthol flavors.

US e-cigarette giant Juul is hit with a string of lawsuits accusing it of glamourizing vaping among young people with flavors such as creme brulee and of lying about how addictive it is.

In 2022, the company agrees to pay $462 million to settle cases across the US, leaving it nearly bankrupt.