Deforestation ‘linked to lower Brazil corn yields’

Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon and neighbouring savannah may be hurting regional corn yields, according to a new study.

Roughly one-fifth of Brazil’s Amazon has been cleared in the last 50 years, as the country went from being a food importer to a global farming powerhouse.

In terms of corn, Brazil is now the world’s second largest exporter, after the US.

But that forest-clearing, which also included more than half of the natural vegetation in the vast Cerrado savanna southeast of the Amazon, has made the region warmer.

That heat is associated with lower corn yields, researchers reported in the science journal Nature Sustainability.

“The landscape is getting a lot hotter than it should be,” said study co-author Stephanie Spera, an environmental scientist with the University of Richmond. ”We’re messing with the system so much that we actually might not be able to continue to cultivate agriculture, specifically corn.”

The researchers linked the deforestation to a 5%-10% drop in corn yields across most of the west-central state of Mato Grosso, Brazil’s largest grains producer.

Soybean crops, which tend to be more heat-resilient, were not significantly affected, Spera said.

Spera and her colleagues used computer simulations to see how various deforestation scenarios impacted local climate conditions and crop yields, and compared those cases with how crops might have fared had no trees been cut down.

The study found that conditions in 2016 included eight more “hot nights” a year, with nighttime temperatures above 24 degrees, than if the forest had remained intact.

Those higher nighttime temperatures can hinder corn’s development.

The researchers also looked into future possible scenarios, including having the entire savanna or southeast Amazon cleared and converted to cropland.

In those cases, corn yields were predicted to fall up to 20% in some areas of Mato Grosso.

The same deforestation that hurts crops could also harm the remaining forest as well.

Tree loss can reduce the amount of moisture available to the rain cycle.

Some scientists estimate that if just 20%-25% of the original total rainforest that spans parts of nine countries is destroyed, the Amazon could go into a death spiral, without enough rainfall and moisture to keep it from drying out and becoming a savanna.

“Deforestation interferes with rains and agricultural productivity,” said Raoni Rajao, a professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais who studies agriculture and environmental policy.