Isinqumo seNkantolo YoMthethosisekelo ngokhetho
NgoLwesine zili-11 kuNhlangulala wezi2020, iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ikhiphe isinqumo esicelweni sokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme eWestern Cape ngokuthi uMthetho Wokhetho , i-Electoral
Act 73 yowe-1998 (Electoral Act) awuhambisani noMthethosisekelo wezwe kangangokuba awuzivumeli izakhamuzi zakuleli esezikhulile ukuba ziqokelwe ePhalamendde naseZishayamthetho ngokuzimela. INkantolo Ephakeme isebenzisa iSigaba 1(d), 46(1) ne-105(1)(a) soMthethosisekelo yasichitha lesi sicelo.
Leli cala liwunombolo CCT 110/19 (2019) ZACC 27. Abamangali okuyiNew Nation Movement NPC, uChantal Dawn Revell, iGRO ne-Indigenous First Nation Advocacy SA badlulisela udaba eNkantolo YoMthethosisekelo okwathi zimbili kuNhlaba wezi-2019 yaqala ukuluhlalela njengoluphuthumayo. Le Nkantolo yabe isifinyelela esinqumweni sokuthi lolu daba aluphuthumi yabe isiluhlehlisela umhla zili-15 kuNcwaba wezi-2019.
Abamangali ababekubeke phambi kweNkantolo ukuthi uMthetho Wokhetho awuhambisani noMthethosisekelo wezwe ngokunciphisa, ngaphandle kobulungiswa, ilungelo lomuntu lokungenela ukhetho ngokuzimela kuthi uma eqokwa aphathe isikhundla njengoba kusho iSigaba 19(3) (b) soMthethosisekelo wezwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, abanye abamangali baveze ukuthi uMthetho Wokhetho unyathela ilungelo labo lokuzihlanganisa ngenkululeko elivikelwe yiSigaba 18 soMthethosisekelo.
Abamangalelwa okuwuMnyango Wezasekhaya, iKhomishini Yokhetho noSomlomo wePhalamende, babeka uhlangothi lwabo bathi iSigaba 19(3)(b) asigxamalazile, asidingi ukuthi amalungu ePhalamende neZishayamthetho afake nabantu abazimele.
Bechitha okushiwo abamangali bathi okunye okuhlinzekwa kuMthethosisekelo njengeZigaba 1(d), 46(1)(a), 105(1)(a), 57(2), 178(1)(h) nesama-236 zikhomba okunye kulokhu okushiwo abamangali.
ICouncil for the Advancement of the South African Constitution (Casac) neOrganisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA) babe yingxenye yaleli cala njengabangani benkantolo (mici curiae).
Esinqumweni sokuqala sikaMehluleli uMadlanga J ngokuvumelana naBehluleli uCameron J, uJafta J, uKhampepe J, uMathopo AJ, uMhlantla J, uTheron J noVictor AJ, iNkantolo YoMthethosisekelo isamukele isicelo sokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yabe isisibeka eceleni. Ifinyelele esinqumweni sokuthi uMthetho Wokhetho awuhambisani noMthethosisekelo ngoba uphoqa ukuthi izakhamuzi esezineminyaka yobudala evumelekile ziqokelwe ePhalamende naseZishayamthetho ngokuthi zibe ngamalungu amaqembu epolitiki.
Ekufinyeleleni esiphethweni, isinqumo seNkantolo sokuqala sama ekutheni nakuba siphikiswa njengento engafani kodwa inkululeko yokuzihlanganisa ngeke kwahlukaniswa kulokhu okubekwa njengelungelo kuSigaba 19(3)(b) soMthethosisekelo.
Ngokunjalo, ukugwema ukuthi la malungelo angangqubuzani, isinqumo sokuqala sama ekutheni iNkantolo ihambisana nokuhumushwa kweSigaba 19(3)(b) esiqhakambisa inkululeko yokuzihlanganisa.
Ekutholeni ukuthi indlela abamangalelwa abahumusha ngayo lesi Sigaba nembala kuholela ekungashayweni indiva kweSigaba 18, isinqumo sokuqala sabeka okuqukethwe yileli lungelo. Lesi sinqumo sabheka inhloso ekuMthethosisekelo ngelungelo lokuzihlanganisa nangendlela eliphathwa ngayo emthethweni wamanye amazwe. INkantolo yabe isifinyelela esinqumweni sokuthi iSigaba 18 asivikeli kuphela ilungelo lokuzihlanganisa kodwa nalelo lokungaphoqwa ukuzihlanganisa.
Lesi sinqumo sokuqala sama ekutheni uma uHulumeni ephoqa umuntu ukuba azihlanganise neqembu lezepolitiki ebe engakufuni lokho, okungaba ngokujoyina noma ukusungula iqembu, lokho kunciphisa ilungelo lokuzihlanganisa.
Nakuba kwabanye kungaba yinto enhle ukuba yilungu leqembu lepolitiki, kuliqiniso ukuthi ubulungu beqembu bunemigoqo engeke yamukeleka kwabanye.
Kungabaphazamisa labo abafuna ukulawula futhi kungabancisha amandla okusebenza labo abanomfutho. Ngakhoke ilungelo lomuntu lokungasunguli noma ukungajoyini iqembu lepolitiki lisayikho ukuzikhethela ngokwepolitiki njengokusungula iqembu noma ukulijoyina njengoba kubekwe eSigabeni 19(1) soMthethosisekelo kanjalo lokho kuyadinga ukuthi kuvikelwe.
Kodwa kubukeka lokhu kungesikho ukuphela kwalolu daba njengoba abamangalelwa bekuvezile ukuthi indlela yokumelwa ngokobuqembu ivezwa yizinto eziningi ezihlinzekwa kuMthethosisekelo.
Uma kubhekwa iSigaba 1(d) isimiso esiwumongo samaqembu ahlukene kuHulumeni wedemokhrasi, isinqumo sokuqala sama ekuthini lokhu akusho okunye ngaphandle kokuthi iNingizimu Afrika akumele kube yizwe elibuswa yiqembu elilodwa, asisho lutho ngendlela yokumelwa ngokobuqembu eyahlukile.
IKhomishini Yokhetho yethembele kuZigaba 46(1)(a) ne-105(1)(a) zoMthethosisekelo.
Lezi Zigaba zifuna ukuthi uhlelo lokuvota kumele lulawule umthetho wezwe.
IKhomishini ithi iPhalamende ngeke lakwazi ukulawula indlela yokumelwa ngokobuqembu eyahlukile, lingasala nokuncane kakhulu ngaphansi kwamandla eliwanikwa yilezi Zigaba.
Isinqumo sokuqala sathola ukuthi iZigaba 46(1)(a) ne-105(1)(a) aziliniki nakancane iPhalamende inkululeko.
Indlela yokhetho kumele ihambisane noMthethosisekelo. Umbuzo okhona ngothi ngabe lokhu okubekwa indlela yokuvota kuyahambisana yini noMthethosisekelo?
Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izahluko zoMthethosisekelo ezibekwe abamangalelwa bebezeseka kodwa ngokwesinqumo sokuqala azikho ezanelisile ukuthi uMthethosisekelo udinga indlela yokumeleleka ngokobuqembu eyahlukile.
Okuhlinzekwa uMthethosisekelo okuhambisane nabamangalelwa kube yiSigaba 157(2)(a) esibiza ukuthi iPhalamende liphasise umthetho ovumela ukumeleleka ngokobuqembu okwehlukile okuhamba ngokohlu lweqembu uma kuvotelwa izigungu zomasipala.
Emuva kokufakwa kwezethulo kulandela ukulalelwa kodaba, isinqumo sokuqala sikwamukele okubekwe yiOUTA ukuthi iSigaba 157(2)(a) sikhuluma ngokuncishiswa kwamalungelo avikeleke kuZigaba 18 no-19, kodwa kohulumeni basekhaya kuphela.
Isinqumo sokuqala sibuye sakubheka okwenzeka ezingxoxweni ukuze kutholwe idemokhrasi. Sithole ukuthi kwakunezinto ezazithinta omasipala okwaholela ekutheni izingxoxo ngemikhandlu zingahlanganiswa nezinye.
Okungenzeka ukuthi ababakha uMthethosisekelo babona kunesidingo sokuthi bafake kuMthethosisekelo okwahlukile endleleni yokuvotela izigungu zomasipala.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isinqumo sokuqala simile ekutheni iSigaba 157(2)(a) asishayisani neSigaba 19(3)(b).
Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwamalungelo ezepolitiki eNingizimu
Afrika nemiphumela yakho, la malungelo anazo elungelweni lesithunzi somuntu, isinqumo sokuqala sama ekutheni iZigaba 18 no-19(3)(b) zoMthethosisekelo kumele zihunyushwe ngendlela enozwelo kunevimbayo.
Lokhu kuholele ekutheni – nakuba kwenza kube lukhuni ukuthi umuntu angenele ukhetho ngokuzimela – uMthetho Wokhetho uyalinciphisa ilungelo elikuSigaba 19(3)(b).
Umbuzo kube wukuthi ngabe lokhu kuvumelekile yini njengoba kuhlinzekwe kuSigaba 36(1) soMthethosisekelo?
Kulapho isinqumo sokuqala sibone ukuthi asikho isizathu esibambekayo esiveza ubulungiswa kulokho, sathola ukuthi abamangalelwa azange bazibeke izizathu ezizwakalayo.
Inkantolo ibe isinquma ukuthi nakuba kunzima ukuthi umuntu angenele ukhetho ngokuzimela, uMthetho Wokhetho awuhambisani noMthethosisekelo.
Mayelana nokuthi zonke izinketho ezabanjwa ngaphansi kwalo Mthethosisekelo azikho emthethweni, isinqumo sokuqala sikulengise izinyanga ezingama-24.
Isinqumo sesibili sikaMehluleli uJafta J ngokuvumelana noCameron J, uKhampepe J, uMadlanga J, uMathopo AJ, uMhlantla J, uTheron J noVictor AJ sivumelene nesokuqala.
Sibalule imigomo emibili elawula ukuhunyushwa kweSigaba 19 soMthethosisekelo.
Umgomo wokuqala ukuthi iSigaba 19 sifundwe ngokulandela umlando waso lapho abamnyama babencishwe ilungelo lokuvota nelokuvotelwa.
Omunye ukuthi ulimi olusetshenziswe kuSigaba 19 kufanele luveze ukweseka ukuvikeleka ngokugcwele okuhlinzekwa yiso lesi Sigaba.
Isinqumo sesibili sithole ukuthi iSigaba 19(3) sehlukwanisa izakhamuzi ngokunika abathile amalungelo. Abanikazi bamalungelo akulesi Sigaba yizakhamuzi esezikhulile.
Isinqumo sesibili sithe ukuze kuvikeleke ukusenzisa ilungelo ngokukhululeka, uMthethosisekelo uphoqa ukuthi kuvotwe ngokuyimfihlo.
Lona umbandela owodwa obekwe yiSigaba 19(3) elungelweni lokuvota. Lo mbandela uveza ukuhlobana phakathi kwelungelo lokuvota nelungelo lokhetho olukhululekile, olungachemile nolubanjwa njalo ngezikhathi ezifanele lokho okuqinisekiswe kuSigaba 19(2).
Isinqumo sesibili siphinde sama ekutheni iSigaba 19(3)(b) sihunyushwe ngendlela efanayo neSigaba 19(3)(a).
Siphinde sathi ukuphoqa izakhamuzi ukuba zisebenzise ilungelo lazo lokungenela ukhetho nokuphatha izikhundla ngethikithi leqembu lepolitiki kubukela phansi iSigaba 19(3)(b) esinika ilungelo izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika hhayi amaqembu epolitiki.
Siphethe ngokuthi ubuthaka boMthetho Wokhetho kuze kube uvimbela abantu asebekhulile baseNingizimu Afrika ukuba bangenele ukhetho ngokuzimela, akuhambisani noMthethosisekelo.
Isinqumo sesithathu sikaMehluleli uFroneman J asivumelananga nendlela okubone ngayo esokuqala nesesibili ezizathwini zokudlulisa icala.
Siphikisene nendlela okuhunyushwe ngayo iSigaba 19(3)(b) esinqumweni sokuqala nesesibili.
Ngokwesinqumo sesithathu, akuvezwanga ukuthi uMthethosisekelo ubeka okuthile ngaphandle kwamaqembu epolitiki kuHulumeni wedemokhrasi.
Sithi ilungelo ngaphansi kweSigaba 19(3)(b) kufanele lingavezwa ngokukazwelonke noma ngokuzikhethela komuntu ukungenela ukhetho nokuphatha isikhundla ngomqondo nje ojwayelekile kodwa kubhekwe umongo welungelo kuntando yeningi elivikelwe uMthethosisekelo.
Isinqumo sesithathu siphinde sawuphika umcabango wokuthi ngoba uMthethosisekelo awumvimbi umuntu ukuba angenele ukhetho ngokuzimela, ngakho sekumele kuhunyushwe iSigaba 19(3)(b) njengesivikela ilungelo.
Lokhu, ngokwesinqumo sesithathu kuyoba ukuxhomondela okungeke kwalawuleka ngoba kuhlanganisa indlela yokuvota yokuzikhethela nelungelo elikuMthethosisekelo.
Umkhuba wokumeleleka ngokubuqembu nemihlomulo yakho kusetshenziswa amaqembu epolitiki, kusuka ekubekeni phambili ukulingana kwezepolitiki ngaphezu ngokuphendula komuntu ngakwenzile okungavikeleka kangcono ngendlela yabavoti noma exubile. -