Akuhlonishwe isimame
Intsha yangowe-1976 yazabalaza ngaphandle kokuzehlukanisa ngokobulili yingakho namanje kufanele eyanamuhla ibumbane.
Udaba lwabasha nezempilo lubanzi futhi lujulile kakhulu, ngiveza umbono ofinqiwe ngezihloko zezifo nezimo eziqavile nezinobungozi kwezempilo nenhlalakahle yabantu abasha ngokwehlukana kwezigaba zabo njengamabhungu namatshitshi kanye nentsha. Abantu abasha eNingizimu Africa babhekene nezimo ezininginingi eziphathelene nezempilo ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, lezozimo zempilo zifaka phakathi izibalo eziphezulu kugciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculazi uqobo, udlame lobulili emakhaya, nakubudlelwane bezocansi, udlame emphakathini nobugebengu, izinga eliphezulu lophuzo oludakayo nezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene, nokukhulu okusihaqile kodwa esingakuthatheli phezulu isimo sempilo yengqondo.
Ucwaningo oluningi luyabonisa ukuthi abantu abasha kuzigaba ezahlukene ikakhulukazi isigaba lesi sokuphuma ebunganeni (adolescents) bathanda ukuhehwa izimo ezibanika ukwaneliseka okusheshayo ngaphandle kokubhekisisa ubungozi balezo zinto. Iningizimu Afrika inezinga eliphezulu labantu abasha abangekho emsebenzini, abangafundi, abangekho ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha (TVET) okuthiwa bangama-34.1% enanini labantu abasha bebonke bephelele ezweni, lokho okuyinkomba yezinqinamba ezenza kube lula ukuthi izimo zezifo zempilo zibathwalise kanzima.
Kulesi sikhathi esikuso iNingizimu Afrika inenqubomgomo mayelana nezempilo nabantu abasha emazingeni ahlukene, eyenziwa ngokubambisana nababemele abantu abasha, nezifundiswa emkhakheni wabasha nezempilo, le nqubomgomo yenziwa phezu kwesisekelo sezinhlelo ezibonakale zinomphumela omuhle phambilini futhi igqamisa ukuba kusetshenziswe ukungenelela okuxubile ukubhekana, ukunciphisa kanye nokuvikela izifo nezimo ezimayelana nengciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculazi uqobo , futhi nesifo sofuba nokwelashwa kwakhona, izifo nokwelashwa kwesimo sengqondo, ezocansi ezihambisana nokuphathelene nempilo yokuzala nokuzalana, kanye nesimo sendluzula yokuhlukumezwa kwabesifazane nezingane emakhaya, ebudlelwaneni, nasemphakathini.
Ubungozi nokulimazeka buyakhuphuka ngenxa yalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Eziphathelene nokuziphatha ezinjengokuzibukela phansi, incindezi yontanga, umuzwa wokuba yilungu, konke lokhu kwenza abantu abasha bathathe izinqumo abangayihlolisisanga imphumela yazo.
Abantu abasha abaningi bangena futhi babekezelele izimo ezinobungozi ezifana nokubanobudlelwano bezocansi obuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esikhathini esisondelene kakhulu.
Abantu abasha abaningi bathi beqala ngqa ukungena okwenzeni ucansi bangasebenzisi izindlela zokuzivikela.
Abantu abasha babanobudlelwano kwezocansi nabantu abadala kakhulu kunabo, kubuye kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa, bese bebhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili futhi ngaphandle kwezimo zokuziphatha, nezimo zenhlalo yabantu, kunezinye izimo zokuhlalisana ezinomthelela omubi nezenza abantu abasha bakhahlamezeke yilezifo nezimo zempilo, lezi zinto zifaka: isiko uma lihunyushwa ngendlela engeyiyo; izinga eliphansi lokuqasheka kwabantu abasha, nezinga eliphezulu labangasebenzi; ububha emindenini; imfundo engekho ezingeni elifanele.
Ubuningi babafayo kanye nencindezi ngezifo eNingizimu Afrika kulabo abaneminyaka eli-10 kuya kwengaama-24 ibonakala iza kakhulu ngokulimala, udlame, kanye nangezifo ezithathelanayo njengegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nengculaza, nesifo sofuba.
Umthwalo nengcindezi yokuthelelana ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ikubantu abasha besifazane kakhulu, nabo abesilisa abasebasha izinga seliyabonakala likhuphuka, ikakhulukazi labo abasebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo, yingakho kumele siqinise izinhlelo zokuvikela bonke abantu abasha ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo, singabheki ukuthi bakuluphi uhlobo lobudlelwane kwezocansi, silwisane nokucwaswana okungenzeka ezinhlelweni zokuletha ezempilo kubantu abasha. Kubalulekile ukuqguqguzela abantu abasha bazi ukuthi bami kuphi ngokwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi uma betholakala benalo balulekwe baqale imishanguzo bese bafundiswe ukuyidla ngendlela efanele futhi basekelwe ukuze bahlale unomphelo kulemishanguzo kuze igciwane lesandulela ngculazi liye ngokudamba lingasabi namandla.
Eningizimu Afrika izindaba ngempilo yezengqondo kubantu abasha iyakhula futhi isiba phakathi kwezifo eziba umthwalo kubantu abasha, ihlukumeza ezemfundo, kanye namathuba okuthola umsebenzi. Okukhathazayo ukuthi kwabezempilo, nezinhlangano ezisekela ngokwezimali izinhlelo zezempilo, kanye nabantu abasha uqobo, indaba yempilo yezengqondo ayithathelwa phezulu, ayinazo izinsiza ezifanele nenkece eyanele, lesi simo sesisifake kolukhulu ubishi lapho kubhebhetheka khona ezinye izifo nezimo engizibalile kuleli khasi ngenxa yomthelela wezimo zokuphazamiseka empilweni yezengqondo.
Ukhuvethe nabantu abasha
Ukhuvethe isimo sezempilo esiyingcuphe nesisihlalise kanzima njengezwe, kodwa iphinde ibe isimo sezomnotho esisibeka esimweni esinzima “Sisincisha umoya, Asikwazi ukuphefumula.” Sizithole sincishelwa ukudla, sambuleka ubuze nobuthakathaka bethu obuhambisana nokungalingani kwethu singabantu nemizi esihlala kuyo. Ngesikhathi semvalelwakhaya ikakhulukazi ezingeni lesihlanu abantu abaningi okufaka kakhulu abasha nabantwana babhekane nendlala, okubabeke esimweni esibucayi sokuthi bangatheleleka ngokhuvethe. Ukuvalwa kwezizinda eziningi bekufanelekile ukuze sivikele ukuthelelana okuningi ngalolu khuvethe, kodwa nencindezi emindenini ibe nkulu kakhulu, abaningi balahlekelwa imisebenzi, nesimo sempilo yengqondo sakhuphuka saba buthakathaka kakhulu kubantu abasha.
Abantu abasha abaningi abanawo amakhaya, noma izindlu eziningi bahlala ezindaweni ezincane eziminyene, awekho amanzi nezokuthutha indle, ngakho ezinye izinto ezidingeka bazenze ukuphepha kukhuvethe angeke bakwazi ukuzenza, lezo zinto zokuphepha ezifaka: Ukuqhelelana
Geza izandla ngamanzi nensipho noma ngezibulalamangciwane
Qgoka amamaski
Noma kunjalo konke lokho esicelwa abezempilo ukuthi sikwenze kuliqiniso ukuze siphephe kukhuvethe, kumele sithole izindlela zokusekela labantu abasha nemindeni yabo abazithola bekulezi zimo engizibalile ngaphezulu ukuze nabo bavikeleke. Abantu abasha banothwalo wokuba abanye abahamba phambili ukufundisa yonke imiphakathi nemindeni ngokhuvethe nezindlela zokuzivikele kodwa kumele bakwenze ngezindlela eziphephile, futhi badinga ulwazi oluyilo hhayi imfundisoze. Kumele labo abasekhaleni lokulwisana nokhuvethe bameme futhi bathole imibono enobuchwephesha obusha kubantu abasha.
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kube nenqubekela phambili ezindabeni zabantu abangena ebusheni nabasha uqobo. Miningi iminikelo yemali nezinhlelo esezihloliwe ezisekelwa uHulumeni ngemali ukuthi zeziwe ukuphephisa abantu abasha, okufaka uHulumeni wethu eNingizimu Afrika. Siyafisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zande zifinyelele kubo bonke abantu abasha kuzo zonke izindawo, nezimo ababhekene nazo kungashiywa muntu.
Kunezinselelo ezikhona ezinomthelela ekuvimbeni inqubekela phambili esheshayo kwezabasha nempilo yabo sihambisana nezigaba nezinombolo eziphokophelelwe emqulwini oThuthukisa Izinhloso Ezinqala iSubstantial Development Goals (SDG) kwezomhlaba jikelele kanye nasemqulwini woHlelo Lwentuthuka Kuzwelonke iNational Development Plan (NDP) noHlelo Lweqhingasu Kuzwelonke National Strategic Plan (NSP) eNingizimu Afrika. Lezi zinselelo zifaka:
Izindlela ezingafani esibuka ngayo inqubomgomo eziphathelene nezimpilo zabantu abasha okufaka phakathi impilo nabantu abasha. Iminyango kahulumeni nezinhlaka eziningi ezibheke izindaba zabantu abasha banquma iminyaka yokungena ebusheni nobusha uqobo lwabo ngezindlela ezihlukene isibonelo abanye abantu abasha (10-19, 15-35, 1524) lokhu kuba nemithelela emibi uma abantu abasha kufanele bathole izinsiza zokuvikela ngokwezempilo, ezomthetho, nezenhlalakahle.
Iminyango kaHulumeni nezinye zezinhlangano ezizimele ezinikeza izinhlelo zabantu abasha nempilo, banakho ukudweba nokwethula izihlelo ezithintana nokufundisa nokuvikela abantu abasha ngokwezifo nempilo bazenze bodwa bangahlanyeli nabanye ikakhulukazi abanezinhlelo ezifanayo, ezicishe zifane noma eziphokophele umphumela ofanayo. Leso simo sibanga ukudideka kubantu abasha nomlayezo ube usudungeka bangasacoshi kahle izimfundiso ezinqondile ukuze zibalekelele uma beqhubeka nempilo.
Kuhlelo lokubhekana nezifo ezisihaqile njengezwe iNSP ebhekene nengculaza, ufuba nezifo ezithelelana ngokocansi wezi-2017/2022, iveze ukuthi thina njengeNingizimu Afrika asiyenzanga inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo makufika kulolu hlelo i90-90-90 ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha.
Noma ikhona futhi ibonakala inqubekela phambili kunqubomgomo nakuzihlelo ezibhekelela ezempilo nenhlalakahle yabantu abasha, kodwa kunezinqinamba uma kufikwa ekwenzeni nasekusabalalisweni kwalezinhlelo eziningi sezihloliwe zatholakala zisebenza
Indlela eya phambili indinga ukuthi izinhlelo zezempilon zantu abasha ziphinde zifake futhi zandise kakhulu okufaka ezemisebenzi, ukunciphisa udlame lobulili, nokuqiniseka ukunciphisa abantu abasha abafayo ngenxa yengculaza uqobo. Ziningi izinhlelo zabantu abasha ezisebenzayo okumele sithole izindlela zokunyusa izinga lukutholakala kwazo. Kumele sisebenzise kakhulu izindlela ezivumela ushintsho lwenzeke ezigabeni ezintathu umuntu uqobo kulabobomndeni nabangangawe emphakathini konke lokhu kube kulwisana nezinkoleloze ezenza abantu abasha bangakhoni ukuziveka ezifweni nasezimweni ezibeka impilo yabo ebucayini. Kumele abantu abasha sibasekele ohambeni lokukhula okufaka phakathi ukubaqesha ukuthi bangena nini futhi kanjani kwezothando, kwezemfundo kuya emsebenzini, nokuba umzali, konke sikwenza ngokweminyaka nezigaba zokukhula kwabo.
Ekugcineni nginesiphakamiso sokuthi kuke kube nengqugquthela yabantu abasha nezempilo,lapho kohlolisiswa zonke izinhlelo esezenziwe esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyishumi edlule, yikuphi okuhambe kahle, okungalunganga kahle, amathuba okwenza kangcono kusuka manje size siqede iminyaka eyishumi elandelayo, kumele uthanyelwe abantu asebephumile ebuntwaneni, abasha, abaholi bezinhlaka zabasha mamanje kanye naba kudala, kanye nabacwaningi kumkhakha wezabasha nezempilo, kube nabantu abasha abaningi baxhunywe ngobuxhakaxhaka bobuchwepheshe, kule ngqugquthela ukuze sithole imibono eminingi ezosiza uHulumeni wethu Kanye nalezo zinhlaka ezenza izinhlelo zezempilo kubantu abasha.