Ukugilwa kwabesifazane makunqandwe nasemsebenzini
Kulesi sikhathi umhlaba wonke uhlukunyezwa wukhuvethe, abesifazane bona baphinde bebhekane nempi yokubulawa, bayahlukunyezwa begilwe yonke imikhuba enyantisayo. Sezibikwe zaningi lezi zigameko kulezi zinyanga siphethwe wukhuvethe. Kuze kwaphoqa uMengameli wezwe, uMnu Ramaphosa, ngeledlule ukuba akhiphe isexwayiso ngamazwi ajulile naqinile futhi wamemezela izinhlelo eziqondene nokulwa nale mpi esiqubuka sibe sibhekene nobhubhane lokhuvethe. Miningi futhi nemikhankaso ebhekiswe ekunqandeni lokhu kuhlukumeza ngokobulili emakhaya nasemiphakathini. Makunqandwe nasemsebenzini ukugilwa kwabesifazane ngoba nakhona kaliyekile futhi liyaqonga leli gciwane lokubahlukumeza ngokobulili. Okuzwisa ubuhlungu obukhulu ukubandakanyeka kwaboHlanga kulezi zenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokobulili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abesifazane bona babhekene nenyoka emakhanda amaningi, bahlukunyenzwa emakhaya, emphakathini nasemsebenzini lapho beziphilisa khona.
Emacaleni aphambi kwezinkudla zamacala akwaCCMA ziningi futhi ziyaqonga izigameko zokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane emsebenzini. Kwelinye ebelithethwa nguKhomishana owesifazane waxoshwa emsebenzini ngozungu ngoba enqaba ukulala nomphathi wakhe. Umqashi (umphathi) wasebenzisa itulo lokuba engashayisi ngesikhathi esifanele ekade esebenza ebusuku lona wesifazane. Waze waqoka ukushiya ihhovisi ngoba esozela futhi kufanele ebuye ezongena ntambama. Hhayi-ke umphathi wabe esesebenzisa leso sizathu wamxosha. Bonke ubufakazi bacacisa ukuthi ngamampunge axoshelwe wona umgilwa. Umgilwa wabe esethula nobufakazi bemilayezo nezinsongo zomphathi lapho ayemphoqa khona ukuba baye ocansini.
Sesiyazi ukuthi kunamiphumela mini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini. Mhlawumbe okumele sikuphindaphinde sikhumbuzane ngakho ukuthi kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi, zenzo zini eziwukuhlukumeza ngokocansi nokuthi zifundo zini esizithola kule mibhalo emayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi. ESigabeni 60 uMthetho Wezobulungiswa Emsebenzini uNombolo 55 we-1998 uthi izenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ezenziwe emsebenzini mazibikelwe umqashi ngokushesha nomqashi makathathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukungenelela, alusebenze udaba njengoba kulawula Uhla Lokuziphatha Kahle Ukuqapha Ukuhlukumeza Ngokocansi. Izinkantolo sezikuchazile ukuthi ukwephuza ukubika ngezenzo zokuhlukunyezwa kakusho ukuthi isigilamkhuba sesinikwe imvume futhi akusenazinyathelo okumele masithathelwe zona.
Kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi? Ukuziphatha okungamukelekile okumayelana nezocansi okungenzeka ngokuthinta noma ngokukhuluma okumayelana nezenzo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo. Ukuthembisa usizo oluthile uma othembisayo ezodizela osesikhundleni noma osemandleni, lona osesikhundleni noma osemandleni aklomelise kuphela lona odiza ngokuvumela isicelo sezocansi ayeke abanye abanegunya lokuthola amalungelo athile ngesizathu sokuthi bona bayenqaba ukuvumela lezo zicelo zokocansi. Okusetshenziswa ngumhlukumezi osesikhundleni kungaba ngumholo othe xaxa, ukukhushulelwa esikhundleni noma ukuqashwa emsebenzini othile. Ukuthinta noma ukukhuluma ngokocansi, okungaba ukudlwengula, ukuthinta, ukushaya, ukukhumula, ukweshela ngokubelesela, ukuthumela izithombe zemikhuba yocansi noma ngahlobo luni.
Yinkulumo egigiyela ucansi nezethembiso ezenziwa ngabaphathi abasemagunyeni, zamalungelo athile uma umuntu ezovuma ukushiyelwana ucansi. Ukubelesela nokunaka okuphathelene nokocansi lapho obeleselwayo ecacisile ukuthi akakufuni lokho, nalapho lona ongumbelebele ebona ukuthi lokhu akwenzayo akwemukelekile kungukuhlukumeza ngokocansi. Ukweshela, ukunaka uncome noma uthuke umzimba womuntu. Ukushaya ikhwelo ubabaze ubuhle noma ububi bomuntu okumayelana nokocansi. Ukunqunula, noma ukuveza izitho zangasese noma ukubonisa izithombe ezinjalo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi umthetho unikeza maphi amalungelo kubagilwa naziphi izifundo kithina sonke esithintekayo okuxuba naso isigilamkhuba. Ecaleni le-Old Mutual v Makhanda & others okuyisinqumo seNkantolo Yezabasebenzi somhla zili-14/10/2019 unombolo JR1246/18 umgilwa wayehlukunyezwe ngumphathi.INkantolo yasigxeka ngamazwi aqinile isinqumo sikaKhomishana owayevune isigilamkhuba yathi wehluleka ukuqondisisa udaba olwaluphambi kwakhe futhi wageja ulwazi lomthetho nomsebenzi wakhe wokuxazulula acubungule ubufakazi obushayisanayo.
INkantolo yagcizelela nokuthi ukungalubiki udaba lokuhlukunyezwa ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, kakusho ukuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa. Okwesibili iNkantolo yathola ukuthi uKhomishana ugejile ngokunquma ukuthi umgilwa nguye owayegolombe isigilamkhuba kwesinye isigameko lapho ababehlangene khona.
Zifundo zini esizithola emibhalweni emayelana nalesi sihloko? Lezi zenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akusho lutho ukuthi zenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo yomsebenzi noma zenzeka kumuntu ongasebenzi naye, kungaba yikhasitoma, ngozoletha okuthile emsebenzini, yilunga lomphakathi noma ngosebenza kwenye inkampani engumakhelwane. Bonke laba bayathinteka futhi bavikelekile ngokomthetho ovimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
Ukuthula komgilwa kakusho ukuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuthula isikhathi eside engakubiki ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe umgilwa, kakumsizi umhlukumezi ngokwesinqumo sejaji ecaleni leRustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd elingunombolo JR 641/2016 samhla zingama-27 kuNhlolanja wezi-2018. Icala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akuyilo elokuboshelwa ukudlwengula. Yize ecishe afane la macala, umthetho uwabuka ngokwehlukile la macala. La macala ehlukene kakhulu ngezenzo nobufakazi bawo.
Noma ngabe isenzo sokuhlukumeza sibe sinye asiqhubekanga, kuseyiso esokuhlukumeza ngokocansi futhi kumele masijeziswe isigilamkhuba. Yanquma kanjalo inkantolo kwelikaSimmers & Others [2016] 1 BLLR (LAC). Ziyajiya izenzo ezimayelana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi futhi zijulile ngoba umhlukumezi osemandleni akuyena osesikhundleni nje kuphela.
Yakuphawula lokho iNkantolo ecaleni leMEC Department of Health Western Cape v KariemNO and Another [2018] ZALCCT 31. Kuleli cala umgilwa usesikhundleni esiphezulu kwesomhlukumezi owayenegunya lokuba ngudokotela ekubeni umgilwa yena eyisiguli. Bobabili babengodokotela kodwa umgilwa esegula elashwa ngumhlukumezi. INkantolo yathola ukuthi umgili wayesebenzise igunya lobudokotela esigulini (umgilwa) ukuze asigile ngokocansi singavumanga ngentando yaso.
Asingabazi ukuthi umthetho uyacaca futhi wanele ukunqanda ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane emsebenzini njengoba sichaza kulo mbhalo neminye yangaphambilini. Kodwa ngithi la mangwevu amenyezelwe nguMengameli ukulwisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane kulesi sikhathi sokhuvethe, mawacijiselwe nokulwisa lo mkhuba owenzeka nasemsebenzini. Nakhona phela kawuyekile futhi uyadlondlobala.