Ngabe ahlonishwe ngokwanele, ngokuphelele nangobulungiswa amalungelo kaQolani?
Lusematheni kulezi zinsuku udaba lukaMnu uBulelani Qolani waseEmpolweni eCape Town okusabalale ividiyo yakhe ehudulwa ngamaphoyisa edolobha enqunu emkhipha endlini yakhe. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi amaphoyisa ekhipha abantu abakhe ngokungemthetho kule ndawo.
Lesi sigameko siqubule izikhalo eziningi kuthiwa amaphoyisa ehlise isithunzi uQolani okuholele ekutheni uNgqongqoshe Wamaphoyisa kuzwelonke, uMnu uBheki Cele, aye kule ndawo ayobonana noQolani. Kodwa konke lokhu okwenzekile umsuka wakho wukweswela indawo yokwakha kwabantu okuholela ekutheni abantu baze bangene ngodli ezindaweni ezingenamuntu bakhe kuzona.
Ngokusho koMkhandlu Wedolobha iNkantolo Enkulu yawunika igunya lokususa abakha kabusha kulo mhlaba.
Uthini umthetho
NgokweKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu eNingizimu Afrika [South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC)] umthetho uthi labo abasusa abantu emhlabeni okungakhiwe kuwona banomthwalo wokubatholela indawo yesikhashana yokuhlala. Laba kungaba uHulumeni noba abanikazi bezindawo abazimele.
Nakuba ingacacisiwe kahle indlela yokuhlaliswa kwabakhishwe ezindlini noma abadilizelwe, kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuphumelele uma kubhekwa uMthethosisekelo, ngokusho kweSAHRC.
ISahluko 26(3) sePrevention of Illegal Eviction (PIE Act) siyalela ukuthi akekho okufanele akhishwe endlini noma idilizwe ngaphandle komyalelo wenkantolo ogunyaza ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe emveni kokubheka izimo ezithile.
Lokhu kubonakele ecaleni elaliphakathi kukaPheko and Others v Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality lapho inkantolo yabeka ukuthi iSigaba 26(3) asivumeli ukuphasiswa kokukhishwa kwabantu ngaphandle komyalelo wenkantolo.
Umthetho iPIE ugcizelela lokhu ngokuthi inkantolo ayikwazi ukunika umayelelo wokukhishwa komuntu endlini noma emhlabeni ngaphandle uma lokho kuzoba nobulungiswa ezimweni ezibhekiwe.
Inkantolo kumele ibheke izimo eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuthi ngabe kwabahlala kuleyo ndawo kukhona yini asebekhule kakhulu ngokweminyaka yobudala, izingane, ikhaya eliphethwe ngowesifazane, isikhathi asebesihlalile kuleyo ndawo nokubheka ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini enye indawo abangahlaliswa kuyo. Esimweni lapho abakhishwayo bengakwazi ukuzitholela indawo abangakhosela kuyo uHulumeni kumele akwenze lokho.
Umthetho uphoqa ukuthi umasipala ophethe indawo lapho abantu okufanele basuswe khona ube yingxenye uma ukususwa kuzoholela ekutheni bangabi nayo indawo yokuhlala. NangokweSigaba 26 soMthethosisekelo, uHulumeni unomthwalo wokuhlinzeka abasuswayo ngendawo yokuhlala.
Umnikazi wendawo unesibophezelo sokwanelisa inkantolo ukuthi ukususwa kwabantu kuzohanjiswa ngendlela efanele nenobulungiswa.
IZigaba 4(6) nese-4(7) ziveza umehluko phakathi kwabahlala endaweni ngokungemthetho kubhekwa isikhathi asebesihlalile. Ecaleni Skurweplass and Mooiplaats ngaphandle kokuthi ababekhishwa babesahlale isikhathi esifushane, iNkantolo YoMthethosisekelo yathi uHulumeni uphoqelekile ukubahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala njengoba ukususwa kwabo kwakuzobaphendula ondingasithebeni.
INkantolo ithi indlela engcono ukuqinisekisa ukubuyisana phakathi komnikazi wendawo nokhishwayo kufanele kugqugquzelwe ukuthi abathintekayo baxoxisane ngendlela ethembekile engaholela esixazululweni esamukelekile.
Ukuxoxisana kusho ukuthi ohlala endaweni nomnikazi nomasipala othintekayo baxoxisana ngakho konke okuthintekayo nokuhlinzekwa kwendawo yokuhlala yesikhashana kulabo abayidingayo.
Kulokhu kuxoxisana kufanele kutholwe ukuthi ngabe umasipala ungalekelela ukwenza ngcono umphumela wezingxoxo, ukuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini ukuthi isakhiwo siphephe nangakwezempilo okwesikhashana, ukuthi ngabe umasipala unomthwalo phezu kofanele asuswe nokuthi lokhu uzokwenza kanjani.
Embangweni owawuphakathi kukaHulumeni waseWestern Cape neThubelisha Homes eJoe Slovo, uHulumeni wagxekwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuxoxisana lapho izikhulu zakhe zazithatha izinqumo ngaphandle kokuxoxisana noma ukubandakanya umphakathi.
Kuleli cala inkantolo yabeka ukuthi uma kuxoxiswana kufanele izakhamuzi ziphathwe ngenhlonipho futhi kunakekelwe isithunzi sazo.
Sekukaningi izikhulu zomasipala zivela ezinkantolo ziphoqwa ukuthi zihlinzeke ngezindawo zesikhashana zokuhlalisa abakhishwe ezindlini noma abadilizelwe. Inkantolo ikubeka kucace ukuthi izikhulu kuyobhekwana nazo ngqo uma uHulumeni ehluleka ukwenza okufanele.
KuMasipala i-Ethekwini, iMeya noMqondisi eMnyangweni Wezezindlu umthetho noMthethosisekelo uyabaphoqa ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi imiyalelo yenkantolo iyalandelwa uma behluleka ukwenza lokho bangabhekana necala bahlawuliswe noma baboshwe.
Lokhu kuphinde kwagcizelelwa inkantolo iphoqa iMeya, iMeneja yoMkhandlu noMqondisi Wezezindlu kuMasipala iJohannesburg ukuba bachaze ukuthi kungani lo Mkhandlu ungabahlinzekanga abantu ngezindawo zokuhlala okwesikhashana.
INkantolo yakugxeka ukuziphatha kwalo Masipala yathi awukwazi ukunethezeka njalo uma kufanele uhlinzeke ngezindawo zokuhlala abantu ohlose ukubakhipha ezindlini.
Kuyiqinisio ukuthi ukukhishwa endlini kungalahlekisela abantu ngezinhlaka zokubeseka asebezakhele zona kanye nalabo abese bethembele kubona. Ukhishwa endaweni umuntu abehlala kuyo kuphinde kulimaze kakhulu impilo yakhe neyomndeni ngoba ukufudukela kwenye indawo kuza nokungazinzi okungaba ukuphepha, ukuziphilisa, ubukhona kwezindawo zezempilo, izikole, ingqalasizinda nokunye.
Lezi zimo kufanele inkantolo izibheke ngoba ukwehluleka ukwenza lokho kungaqhubezela phambili ubuze bomuntu okhishwe endlini. Uma abantu bekhishwa ezindlini ngendluzula kuningi okwezekayo okungekuhle, abakhishwayo balahlekelwa omazisi babo, izitifiketi zokuzalwa, imifaniswano yesikole nokunye.
Ithini iKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu
ISAHRC ithi ukuze kufezeke ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abantu njengoba kusho uMthethosisekelo wezwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi kwazeke ukuthi ukukhishwa kwabantu ezindlini ngaphandle kwencwadi yenkantolo akuvumelekile.
“Umuntu noma umphakathi ungasuswa kuphela ngokomyalelo wenkantolo. Nawo lowo myalelo kufanele wenziwe emveni kokuba sekubhekwe zonke izimo. Sekubalulekile ukuthi kube nokuxoxisana kwabathintekayo ngaphambi kokuba inkantolo ikhiphe umyalelo. Inkantolo iyokungabaza ukukhipha umyalelo wokukhishwa kwabantu abangavikelekile uma lokho kuzobashiya bengondingasithebeni,” kusho u-Adv uShafie Ameermia weSAHRC.
Uthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi amalungelo abantu kuMqulu Wamalungelo ayahambisana okusho ukuthi uma kunenkinga elungelweni lokuthola indawo yokuhlala efanele, ayohlala emaningi amathuba okuthi amanye amalungelo athinteke.
“Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi ilungelo lendlu ngelisemqoka kakhulu ngaphandle kwalo amanye angeke afezeka. Ilungelo lokuba nendawo yokuhlala yindlela yokubona amanye enzeka,” usho kanje.
U-Adv Ameermia uthi uma umasipala noma umnikazi wendawo ezithola ebhekene nesimo sabantu abahleli emhlabeni ngokungemthetho isisombululo akukhona ukubasusa ngokungemthetho kodwa ukuxoxisana okufaka zonke izinhlangothi ukuthola isisombululo esinganyatheli ilungelo nesithunzi somuntu.
Uqhuba athi izikhonzi zenkantolo ziklama indima enkulu ekukhishweni kwabantu ngoba uma inkantolo isikhiphe umyalelo isikhonzi sinomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthi okushiwo yinkantolo kuyenzeka. Ngokwendlela yokuziphatha yezikhonzi zenkantolo ngaphansi kweSigaba 16(k) seSheriff Act, izikhonzi zenkantolo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ziphathe abathintekayo ngesizotha nenhlonipho futhi kufanele zisebenze ngokungathathi hlangothi.
Banomgomo wokuthi uma benza umsebenzi baqinisekise ukuthi ayilimali impahla yomuntu okhishwayo. Ngokusho kuka-Adv Ameermia nabaqaphi bezinkampani ezizimele kufanele baziphathe ngale ndlela uma bekhipha abantu ezindlini abahleli kuzo ngokungemthetho.
Uthi iSAHRC incoma ukuthi umphakathi kufanele ukwazi ukufinyelela kuSouth African Board of Sheriffs ukuze wazi ukuthi ungazifaka kuphi futhi kanjani izikhalo ngokungaziphathi kahle kwezikhonzi zenkantolo.
Uqhuba athi, namaphoyisa okuyaye kuthi uma kukhishwa bantu ezindlini abizwe, kufanele enze umsebenzi wawo ngokulandela uMthethosisekelo wezwe.
“Ngakho-ke umoya wobuntu kufanele ube khona uma kukhishwa abahleli endaweni ngokungemthetho. Lokhu yingoba asisona isiqhingi kuthina kodwa siyingxenye yesizwe sezinhlanga ezixubile. Abahlala ezindaweni ngokungemthetho akufanele bathathwe njengezinto ezingelutho,” kuphetha u-Adv Ameermia.