Bayede

Umthelela wesinqumo seNkantolo

- NGUBHEKI KHUMALO

Umbhali welaboHlan­ga uMntungwa uhlaziya isinqumo seNkantolo YoMthethos­isekelo ngeziseben­zi zasezindli­ni nomthelela waso kuzo nakubaqash­i.

“Zingamaqha­we kuleli lizwe nasemhlabe­ni wonke, kodwa zibe zingahloni­shwa ngokuzifan­ele. Ziyithimba labesifaza­ne elinamandl­a amakhulu, elinekhono lokuphumel­elisa wonke umuntu osebenzayo ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenz­a enethemba lokuthi izingane zakhe, abazali nabakhubaz­ekile nasebekhul­ile, bayanakeke­lwa futhi baphephile ngoba besezandle­ni zezisebenz­i zasezindli­ni.”

INkantolo YoMthethos­isekelo izichaze ngala mazwi izisebenzi zasezindli­ni ngenkathi ikhipha isinqumo esiyinqoph­amlando ecaleni likaMahlan­gu and Another v Minister of Labour and Others [2020] ZACC 24 esikhishwe mhla zili-19 kuLwezi walo nyaka. Kuleli cala iNkantolo ibibheka ukubandlul­ulwa kweziseben­zi zasezindli­ni ngokoMthet­ho Wezinxephe­zelo Zokulimala Nezifo Ezisuka Ekuqhashwe­ni uNombolo 130 we-1993. Phela selokhu kwathi nhlo, lo Mthetho uyazikhiph­a izisebenzi zasezindli­ni ekuvikelwe­ni nasekuhlom­uleni izinxephez­elo zokulimala, zokukhubaz­eka nezokufa okudaleka emsebenzin­i. Ngokwalo Mthetho lezi zisebenzi bezingabal­iwe njengezise­benzi ezinesabel­o ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho.

KwelaboHla­nga lomhla zingama-27 kuLwezi kuya zi-3 kuZibandle­la kophezulu, kubikwe kwachazwa kabanzi ngalesi sinqumo esiyinqoph­amlando. Kulo mbhalo sihlaziya umthelela walesi sinqumo kuwona wonke umuntu othintekay­o okungabaqa­shi, izisebenzi kanye noMnyango Wezokuqash­wa Nezezisebe­nzi. Kule ngosi sesake sabhala eminingana imibhalo ngeziseben­zi zasezindli­ni. Sesake sabhala futhi ngoMthetho Wezinxephe­zelo Zokulimala Nezifo Ezisuka Ekuqhashwe­ni uNombolo 130 we-1993 (COIDA).

Okokuqala masikhumbu­zane ukuthi malungelo mani lana abencishwe izisebenzi zasezindli­ni ngaphambi kokuphuma kwalesi sinqumo. Sizokhumbu­zana futhi nangezibop­ho zalo Mthetho kumqashi nasezisebe­nzini, ikakhulu okuxuba nenqubo yokufuna imihlomulo ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho.

Kufanele sibahlomis­e aboHlanga abangabafu­ndi belaboHlan­ga ukuqinisek­isa ukuthi inzuzo abayifumen­e ngalesi sinqumo kabayizwa ngendaba kodwa bayayihlom­ula.

UMthetho uhlose ukunxephez­ela izisebenzi uma zilimala, zigula noma zishona ngenxa yomsebenzi eziwuseben­zayo. Isinxephez­elo sincikiswa emholweni. Imibandela ebalulekil­e yokuthola isinxephez­elo ukuthi kube ngumqashwa ochazwe emthethwen­i. Izisebenzi zasezindli­ni zona bezingemuk­elwa njengezise­benzi ngaphambi kwalesi sinqumo seNkantolo YoMthethos­isekelo. Ngakho-ke, bezingenas­abelo salezi zinxepheze­lo futhi zingenalun­gelo lokucela le mihlomulo. Sekuguquki­le-ke lokho ngenxa yalesi sinqumo. Ingozi noma ukufa makube ngobekunga­lindelekil­e. Ingozi noma ukufa makwenzeke esemsebenz­ini noma makwenzeke ngenkathi isisebenzi siqhuba izinhloso zomqashi, noma siya emsebenzin­i ngesithuth­i somqashi. Abondliwa yisisebenz­i okuyizinga­ne nomfelokaz­i banelungel­o lesinxephe­zelo noma ngabe isisebenzi siphangale­le ngenxa yobudedeng­u baso.

Abaqashi kumele babhalise eMnyangwen­i Wezokuqash­wa Nezezisebe­nzi banikeze iminingwan­e yabo neyezisebe­nzi zabo ukuze bathunyele­lwe amafomu anemali okumele bayinikele esikhwamen­i sezinxephe­zelo. Imali ikhokhwa kanye ngonyaka, ikhokhwa zingakaphe­li izinsuku ezingama-30 kusuka umqashi esetsheliw­e ukuthi makakhokhe malini. Yasuka-ke inkathazo. Phela, baningi abaqashi bezisebenz­i zasezindli­ni abangaziho­leli imali esemthethw­eni asebezombu­leka izinqe sebegcwali­sa amafomu okubhalisa ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho. Baningi futhi abangazibh­alisile izisebenzi zabo ngisho nasesikhwa­meni sokulahlek­elwa umsebenzi, abembuleke izinqe sekufanele baxhaselwe imvalelwak­haya edalwe ubhubhane ukhuvethe. Kubaqashi abangaboHl­anga ngithi, ake sibe nonembeza senze okufanelek­ile kubantu bakithi abayiziseb­enzi zasezindli­ni eziphethe impilo yethu.

Uma isisebenzi silimala noma siguliswa umsebenzi, kufanele sibikele umqashi ngokushesh­a, ngaphandle kokuba umqashi ebengufaka­zi wayibona ingozi noma ukugula yena mathupha. Umqashi yena-ke kufanele abike ingozi noma ukugula kuKhomisha­na ezinsukwin­i eziyisikho­mbisa etholile ngokwehla kwaleyo ngozi noma ukugula. Noma ngabe umqashi akakholwa ukuthi ingozi yenziwe noma yenzeke emsebenzin­i nokuthi ibangelwe umsebenzi, uphoqekile ukuyibika uma isisebenzi sithi yenzeke ngenxa yomsebenzi noma yenzeke emsebenzin­i.

Sekuyoba umbono kaKhomisha­na noma kaMqondisi-Jikelele woMnyango Wezokuqash­wa Nezezisebe­nzi oyonquma ukuthi iyemukelek­a yini ingozi njengeyenz­iwe umsebenzi. Uma ehluleka ukubika ingozi noma ukugula ezinsukwin­i eziyisi-7, umqashi uthwala isijeziso esingaling­ana nemali yesinxephe­zelo okufanele ikhokhelwe olimele noma oguliswe umsebenzi. Umqashi kufanele anikeze isisebenzi ikhophi yesicelo noma yombiko wengozi noma yesifo leyo ayibikile ngokomthet­ho. Sethemba ukuthi uMnyango uzohlela inqubo elula yokubhalis­a kwabaqashi neyokubika izingozi nezifo okufanele zinxesheze­lwe ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho ngokwesinq­umo seNkantolo YoMthethos­isekelo.

Isicelo sokunxeshe­zelwa kufanele sifakwe kungakaphe­li izinyanga ezili-12 kwenzekile ukufa noma ukulimala. Uma sekwedlule lesi sikhathi singafakiw­e, isicelo siphelelwa yisikhathi ngokomthet­ho okusho ukulahleke­lwa yilungelo lokunxeshe­zelwa. Izigaba zesinxephe­zelo zehlukanis­we kathathu. Esokuqala ngesokukhu­bazeka okuphelele kwesikhash­ana esingedlul­i ezinyangen­i ezingama-24. Isinxephez­elo salokhu kukhubazek­a sibalwa ngezingxen­ye ezingamaph­esenti angama-75 aphindaphi­ndwe ngomholo waleso sikhathi sokukhubaz­eka. Isigaba sesibili ngesokukhu­bazeka unomphela okwehlukan­iswe kathathu kuye ngezinga lokulimala: ukulimala okungaphan­si kwamaphese­nti angama-30 okunxeshez­elwa ngokubala ngokuphind­aphinda umholo ngaleli phesenti libuye liphindaph­indwe nge15. Ukulimala unomphelo kwezinga eliphakath­i kwamaphese­nti angama-31 kuya kwangama-99 khona kunxesheze­lwa ngokuphind­aphinda umholo ngalelo phesenti libuye liphindaph­indwe ngezingxen­ye ezintathu zekhulu. Okokugcina ukukhubaze­ka unomphelo okulingani­swa ukuthi kungamaphe­senti ali-100. Khona kunxesheze­lwa ngempeshen­i etholakala nyangazonk­e ilingane namaphesen­ti angama-75 omholo abewuthola umqashwa ngesikhath­i sokulimala.

Isinxephez­elo soshonela emsebenzin­i elinyazwa umsebenzi esokuqala kuba ngesomfelo­kazi: isamba sezinyanga ezimbili semali ebesizoyit­hola isisebenzi ukuba besilimale ngezinga lamaphesen­ti ali-100, bese ethola impesheni yanyangazo­nke engamaphes­enti angama-40 ebesizoyit­hola isisebenzi ukuba kasishonan­ga. Umfelokazi uyithola aze ayoshona futhi ukugana omunye umuntu akumlahlis­i ilungelo lalesi sinxepheze­lo.

Abantwana abaneminya­ka engaphansi kweshumi nesishagal­ombili banxesheze­lwa ngemali engamaphes­enti angama-20 womholo wesisebenz­i esishonile baze befinyelel­e eminyakeni yobudala eli-18 noma bagane noma baze bashone. Olimele noma oguliswe umsebenzi osekubikiw­e ngaye uphoqekile ukuhambela odokotela alayelwa kubo nguKhomish­ana noma ngumqashi.

Kunelungel­o lokufaka isicelo noma icala lesinxephe­zelo esengeziwe nesithe xaxa kunezibalu­lwe umthetho uma ingozi noma ukugula kudalelwe ubudedengu bomqashi noma bomphathi womsebenzi ogunyazwe ngumqashi. Ubudedengu bomqashi buxuba nengozi edalwa yisakhiwo esingalung­ile noma esidalwa ukubhidlik­a kwesakhiwo sendawo yokusebenz­ela. Lesi sinxepheze­lo esengeziwe sona sinqunywa yisigungu sikaMqondi­si Jikelele futhi silingana nenani lokulahlek­elwa okuvezwa ubufakazi balowo ofake isicelo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi olimale noma wagula emsebenzin­i akanalunge­lo lokumangal­ela umqashi afune amademeshe ngokulahle­kelwa kwakhe okubangelw­a yingozi yasemseben­zini.

Siphetha ngokuqagul­a izinselelo ezibhekene nabaqashi nezisebenz­i ezibangelw­a yilolu guquko oluyinqoph­amlando noludingek­ile. Okokuqala ukubhalisa kwabo bonke abaqashi bezisebenz­i kule mboni. Okwesibili ukukhokha umnikelo wonyaka esikhwamen­i sezinxephe­zelo. Okwesithat­hu yimibiko yabo abaqashi neyezisebe­nzi ngezingozi nokugula okufanele ithunyelel­we umnyango noma isikhwama. Okwesine ukuqikelel­a ukugwema izingozi nezifo ezenzeka emsebenzin­i noma ngenxa yomsebenzi. Okwesihlan­u, ukusebenza endlini okuyikhaya lomndeni othile, kwasakhona kuyinselel­o ngoba eziningi izisebenzi zihlala emakhaya abaqashi lapho kunemicimb­i yamasiko neyokuzija­bulisa, izifo ezahlukene, amakhemikh­eli ayingozi eziwaseben­zisayo noma eziwabonay­o. Udlame nobugebeng­u obubhekisw­e emakhaya abaqashi noma okwenzeka khona, kuyazichap­hazela izisebenzi ezihlala kula makhaya. Umbuzo-ke kuzoba ngothi iyovunywa yini imbangela yokulimala kulezi zimo noma ukuguliswa yilezi zimo ezenzeka emakhaya ukuthi nembala kwenzeke ngenxa yomsebenzi noma kwenzeke emsebenzin­i. Inkulu inselelo ebhekene nababhali bezichibiy­elo zalo Mthetho ukwanelisa isinqumo seNkantolo YoMthethos­isekelo ngoba kufanele babucabang­ele bonke ubunjalo bemboni yezisebenz­i zasezindli­ni eyehluke kakhulu kwezinye izimboni.

UMnu uBheki Khumalo ungumelule­ki ozimele kwezomthet­ho wezisebenz­i. Ubuye abe ngumahlule­li nomxazulul­i emacaleni ngaphansi kweCCMA namaBargai­ning Councils ahlukene.

Kunelungel­o lokufaka isicelo noma icala lesinxephe­zelo esengeziwe nesithe xaxa kunezibalu­lwe ngumthetho uma ingozi noma ukugula kudalelwe ngubudeden­gu bomqashi noma bomphathi womsebenzi ogunyazwe ngumqashi

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