ICJ hears argument for end to Israeli occupation of Palestine
• More than 50 states to make representations as 15-judge panel considers occupation, settlement and annexation since the 1967 war
Palestinian foreign minister Riyad al-Maliki demanded an immediate end to Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories at the start of hearings at the UN’s top court on Monday into the legal status of its presence.
More than 50 states will present arguments before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague until February 26, after a UN General Assembly request in 2022 for an advisory, or nonbinding, opinion.
Maliki accused Israel of subjecting Palestinians to decades of discrimination and apartheid — accusations Israel has rejected — arguing that they had been left with the choice of “displacement, subjugation or death”.
“The only solution consistent with international law is for this illegal occupation to come to an immediate, unconditional and total end,” he said.
The ICJ’s 15-judge panel has been asked to review Israel’s “occupation, settlement and annexation ... including measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and from its adoption of related discriminatory legislation and measures”.
The judges are expected to take roughly six months to issue an opinion on the request, which also asks them to consider the legal status of the occupation and its consequences.
Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem — areas of historic Palestine which the Palestinians want for a state — in a 1967 war and has since built settlements in the West Bank and steadily expanded them.
Israeli leaders have long disputed that the territories are formally occupied on the basis that they were captured from Jordan and Egypt during a war rather than from a sovereign Palestine.
The UN has referred to the territories as occupied by Israel since 1967 and demanded that Israeli forces withdraw, saying it is the only way to secure peace. Its 1967 resolution did not, however, specifically label the occupation as illegal.
“The best and possibly the last hope for the two-state solution, so vital to the needs of both peoples, is for the court to declare illegal the main obstacle to that solution: the ongoing Israeli occupation of Palestine,” Paul Reichler, a lawyer for the Palestinians, told judges.
Israel will not attend the hearings but has sent written observations.
While Israel has ignored legal opinions in the past, this one could increase political pressure over its war in Gaza, which has killed about 29,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health officials, since Hamas attacked Israel on October 7.
It withdrew from Gaza in 2005, but, along with neighbouring Egypt, still controls its borders. It has also annexed East Jerusalem in a move not recognised by most countries.
The hearing is part of Palestinian efforts to get international legal institutions to examine Israel’s conduct. These have stepped up since Israel’s war on Gaza in response to the Hamas attacks, which killed 1,200 people, according to Israeli tallies.
Maliki reiterated accusations of Israeli genocide in Gaza which Israel rebuffed at separate hearings in The Hague in January, in which the World Court ordered Israel to do everything in its power to prevent acts of genocide.
“The genocide under way in Gaza is a result of decades of impunity and inaction. Ending Israel’s impunity is a moral, political and legal imperative,” Maliki said.
Israel has said it faces an existential threat by Hamas militants and other groups and is acting in self-defence.
There are mounting concerns about an Israeli ground offensive against the Gaza city of Rafah, a last refuge for more than a million Palestinians after they fled to the south of the enclave to avoid Israeli assaults.
In July 2004, the court found that Israel’s separation wall in the West Bank violated international law and should be dismantled, though it stands to this day.
HEARINGS TO START AT THE UN ’ S TOP COURT INTO THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE OCCUPATION