Celebrating the calabash

have a powerful influence on the diet choices of youth.

The ongoing nutritional transition in South Africa has made people more vulnerable to non-communicable diseases such as stroke, coronary heart diseases, physical inactivity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

Increase in obesity and overweight has been associated with this issue found in adults and stunting and underweight in young children.

Heritage month should also aims to explore the significance of indigenous lifestyles to improve the status of our national health.

The capacity of amaranth leafy vegetables are to be used in addition or substitution of the agricultural produced food as a tool to fight food insecurity in South Africa.

•Dr Nosiphiwe Ngqwala is a senior lecturer in the Pharmacy department at Rhodes university. She is also an Executive Committee for South African Yound Academy of Sciences (SAYAS) and also part of Activate youth leadership.

Lagenaria siceraria

(Calabash,

TGourd,

raditional communities would gather around and drink amasi (sour milk) from the iselwa (calabash). After finishing the amasi, women play a musical instrument called uhadi (Xhosa musical bow string) made from a calabash.

Calabash

The plant is a close relative of pumpkins and squashes belonging to cucurbitaceae family. It is a creeping annual herb with the stems supported by tendrils. The large, rounded leaves are somewhat toothed along the margins and are hairy below. Flowers resemble those of the pumpkins but they’re not yellow, and open at night. The fruit is green at first, but becomes pale brown when it ripens and dries out, leaving a thick, hard, hollow shell with practically nothing inside except the seeds (the fruit fleshy dries out completely).

What is

Uhadi is a Xhosa musical instrument made of injikwe (stave), usinga (string), umqungu (the beater), and iselwa (resonator).

Stave

Bottle

One of the early choices of wood in making the stave or injikwe in isixhosa, was a tree called the umbangandlela (Heteromorpha arborescens). It was later made by bush call ‘uliza’ which in abundance on the mountain sides of the Eastern Cape. The length of the stave is made by measuring the wood in relation to the arm of the particular.

The wood is then forced into curved shape by forced the ends into an inward direction and secured in this position by means of stringing.

The string

Before the 20th century, the string or ‘usinga’ in isixhosa was originally made from a length of animal gut or hair. Artists of the 20th century made bowstrings from the twisted wires of the bangles that the women wore in their ankles. The bangle was heated on the fire and stretched out to be used for the bow. By the 21st century, Xhosa people started making strings out of brass wire.

The resonator

The resonator is made from calabash which is a growing calabash that is harvested when green and allowed to dry out.

A hole is made on one surface where the stalk would be attached approximately 7-9mm wide.

The seeds are removed, and the inner walls of the gourd are scraped with a stick to remove all residue. The gourd is left to dry for at least two days. After the gourd has dried out, two small holes are made in the centre, in the area directly opposite the opening.

To make the insulating pad, a piece of soft cloth is folded into a square.

Another narrow strip of cloth is twisted into a thin rope or ‘string’, and this is passed through the two small holes in the gourd, so that the two ends hang loose, and are available for securing the gourd and the insulating pad to the bow stave.

The beater

The beater is called ‘umqungu’ in isixhosa, and is made from the tambokkie grass, or umfuqa. https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/uhadi_musical_bow

History of Lagenaria

Lagenaria is one of the most ancient of all crop plants and is considered to be indigenous to Africa. There are many questions around the origin of the bottle gourd.did it really originate in Africa, as is usually supposed? Was it domesticated as a food plant or as source of gourds? Archaeological remains in Africa date back a mere 2 000 years, while Central and South American sites have seeds dating back about 9 000 years. No one can say with certainty if the seemingly spontaneous populations on Africa are truly wild.

It is possible that early wild forms were dispersed along the sea currents to tropical America, Asia and Papua New Guinea. The fruits are known to float in the sea for many months without the seeds losing their viability. Green leaves are commonly eaten as a vegetable and are added to maize porridge, or a relish is prepared with them, mixed with other plants.

References

Van Wyk, B.E., Gericke, N. People’s plants, A Guide to Useful of Southern Africa. First edition, first impression. 2000, second impression 2003, third impression 2007, Briza Publications, Pretoria.