KUSHO UKUTHINI UKWENYUKA KWE-VAT KUMUNTU OHLUPHEKAYO?

PHAKATHI kwezinkinga uhulumeni waseningizimu Afrika abhekene nazo yisikweleti esikhulu esicishe sibe wuhhafu (50%) womnotho wezwe (GDP), nemali angenayo yokukhokhokhela izindleko zika-2018/19 ebizwa ngokuthi yi-budget deficit yona engamaphesenti amane (4%) kwi-gdp. Yizo lezi nkinga eziholele ekwehliseni omnotho wezwe, wafakwa kwi- junk status ngonyaka odlule.

Ezinye izinkinga ezibhekene nohulumeni wukungakhuli kahle komnotho nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, okuxake kakhulu intsha ebalelwa ku-50%.

Konke lokhu kwenze ukuba uma ungqongqoshe wezezimali ngesikhathi ethatha izinqumo, abheke ukuthi kungenziwa njani ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho, kudalwe amathuba emisebenzi futhi nezidingo zomphakathi zibhekelelwe.

Kulezi zinqumo azithathile-ke kuzothinteka ngendlela engafani abantu abahlukene.

Isibonelo nje, ukuze uhulumeni aqinisekise ukuthi umnotho uyakhula nokuthi amathuba emisebenzi ayavela, akayikhuphulanga intela yezinkampani (company tax), nentela yabasebenzayo (personal income tax). Esikhundleni salokho kwenyuswe I-VAT ngephesenti elilodwa. Kwenziwe lokhu ngoba ukukhuphula IVAT kuthinta wonke umuntu ezweni uma ethenga, okusho ukuthi imali etholwa nguhulumeni ekukhuphukeni kwevat inkulu kunemali angayithola eku-khuphukeni kwezinye izintela.

Akekho owazi ngokugcwele ukuthi ukungakhushulwa kwentela yezinkampani kuzowadala yini amathuba emisebenzi, futhi angakanani.

KUZOSHAYA IPHAKETHE KWABANTULAYO OKWE-VAT

Nokho abantu abaningi bayavumelana ngokuthi ukukhushulwa kwe-vat kuzothinta kabi wonke umuntu. Abahhola kancane bazothinteka ngaphezu kwalabo abahhola kakhulu, ngoba IVAT ekhokhwa ngabantu bonke iyalingana - ayihlukanisi abantulayo nabanothile.

Ukuvikela abantulayo kwi-vat uhumumeni uye enze uhlu lwezimphahla ezingafakwa IVAT (VAT exempt goods). Kulezo zimpahla kubalwa isinkwa esinsundu, impuphu, ubhontshisi, ilayisi, amaqanda, ubisi, izithelo nemifino, njalo njalo. Kodwa uma kuthengwa sekuphekiwe lokhu kudla, kuyathelelwa.

Ezinye izinto ezithelelwayo zihlanganisa azingubo zesikole, izingubo zokulala, izimpahla zokwakha, omakhala ekhukhwini, njalo njalo. Lezi mpahla zithengwa yiwowonke umuntu, kuhlanganisa nabantulayo.

Ngenxa yale ntela kusho ukuthi abantulayo bazohlala bentula, bengakwazi ukuthuthukisa baphucule izimpilo zabo. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngisho noma izimali zezimpeshini zikhushuliwe, ngenxa yokuthi lezi mali zikhushulwe zadlula kancane kwizinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kwaminyaka yonke (inflation).

Kulo nyaka izimpahla eziningi zizokhuphuka ngaphezulu kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali. Lokhu kodwa kuzosho ukuthi uma abantu beqhubeka bethenga bengenayo imali elingene yibona abazongena ezikweletini.

Ukuze sikwazi ukuthi bazothinteka kabi kangakanani abantu, kuzofanele kwenziwe uphenyo kubhekwe ukuthi imindeni ithengani, futhi ithenga kangakanani zinyangazonke. Isibonelo nje, uma umuntu esebenzisa u-r1000 ethenga izimpahla ezithelelwayo zinyangazonke lokhu kusho ukuthi usezokhokha u-r1800 wentela ngonyaka, okuyimali ezoya kuhulumeni. Ngesikhathi IVAT iku-14% le ntela ibiwu-1680 ngonyaka.

Lezi ndaba ezingezinhle kwabantulayo azipheleli lapha, njengoba singakayidingidi indaba yokuthi ukukhuphuka kwentela yemigwaqo nekaphethiloli kungaba nomthelela ongakanani kuabantu.

Cyril Nhlanhla Mbatha Professor of Economics: School of Business Leadership, Unisa

School of Business Leadership - Unisa