IKhwezi wumhlaba olingana nelanga
NAMUHLA sibheka umhlaba wesibili ukusuka elangeni, abaningi abaye bacabange ukuthi yinkanyezi kanti phinde wumhlaba usuke ubenyezeliswa yilanga uma selishonile. Sikhuluma ngeKhwezi (iVenus). Lo mhlaba kuwuthatha izinsuku ezingama-224.7 ukuzungeza iLanga kanti ukuphenduka (rotation) - ukuze kube nobusuku nemini - kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-243, okuyizinsuku eziningi ukwedlula ezokuphenduka kwayo yonke imihlaba ezungeza iLanga. Uphenduka uphambane nemihlaba eminingi kanti kawunayo inyanga. Liqanjwe ngoVenus unkulunkulwana wamaRoma omele uthando nobuhle.
L i yisakhiwo m khathi (celestial object) esingesesibili - lilandela inyanga - esikhanya kakhulu ebusuku njengoba sine-apparent magnitude (ukukalwa kokukhanya ngumuntu osuke eseMhlabeni) eyisi- -4.6. Ukukhanya kwalo kunamandla kangangokuba kwenza kubonakale izithunzi ebusuku kanti kakulula ukulibona ngeso lenyama emini. IKhwezi - njengeMercury, uMhlaba neMars, lakhiwe wumhlabathi namadwala.
Line ngu b omkhathi eshubile ukudlula ozakwabo a bakhiwe ngamadwala nomhlabathi- line mfusimaphahla (chemical compound) umoyasikhutha (carbon dioxide) ongama-96%. Yilona elishisa ukudlula yonke imihlaba ezungeza iLanga, ukushisa kwalo kungama-735 kelvins (262 degrees ce- lsius) - yize iMercury kuyiyona eseduze kwelanga. IKhwezi ligutshuzelwe yifu lemfusimaphahla iSulfuric Acid - elenza kubenzima ukubona ubusomhlaba (surface) balo uma usemkhathini kusemini.
Kuthiwa kungenzeka ukuthi kwakunolwandle kwiKhwezi kodwa lwagcina luhwamukile ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa.
Lo mhlaba unobusomhlaba obuwugwadule, usho ngamadwala ayizicaba, kanti izintabamlilo zivamile. Njengesinye sezakhiwomkhathi ezigqamile emkhathini, iKhwezi liyinto ebalulekile emasikweni nasenkolweni yabantu kusukela kudala imininingwane ingakaqoshwa ukwenzela ikusasa. Belithathwa njengento engcwele emazweni amaningi kanti likhuthaze kakhulu ababhali nosonkondlo njengoba belibiza ngenkanyezi yokusa (morning star) nange- sicelankobe (evening star). Njengoba iKhwezi liseduze koMhlaba, yilona elihamba phambili e kucutshungulwe n i.
Libe ngelokuqala ukuvakashelwa yisiphuphutheki (spacecraft) sisuka eMhlabeni njengoba kuthunyelwe iMariner 2 ngowe-1962, laba nge lokuqala futhi ukuba kube nesi p h uphuthe k i esithi c ababa kulona njengoba kuhlale kulona iVenera 7 mhla zili-15 kuZibandlela (December) ngowe-1970. Ugqinsi lwamafu alo mhlaba lwenza kube lukhuni satshe ukuhlola ubusomhlaba uma libalele okufakazelwa wukuthi ibalazwe( ma p) elinemininingwane ethe thuthu, lizelathola k ala ngesikhathi kade kuthunywe isiphuphutheki, iMagellan ngowe-1991.
Bese kushiwo-ke ukuthi linamadwala njengoMhlaba. Ikhwezi licishe lilingane noMhlaba ngesisindo nangobukhulu kanti livame ukubizwa ngodadewabo woMhlaba noma iwele lawo. Umugqankaba (diameter) uyizi-12 092 km - okushoda ama-650km ukuba ilingane neyoMhlaba - isisindo sayo singama-81.5% oMhlaba - kusala ili18.5% ukuba silingane nesoMhlaba. Bekulokhu kunokuqagela mayelana nobusomhlaba beKhwezi anduba buze buvezwe ngqo wucwaningo olumayelana nemihlaba ngeminyaka ye-1900. Kusukela ngowe-1975-1982, izinkambo zeVenera zibuye nemifanekiso ekhombisa ukuthi ubusomhlaba bugcwele amadwala - njengoba sesishilo. Imifanekiso yeMagellan ngowe1990-91, ikhombisa ubufakazi bokuthi kakuzintabamlilo kuyafiwa kwiKhwezi kanti kwingubomkhathi kugcwele imfusimaphahla iSulfur - okukhomba ukuthi kungenzeka izithombe zithathwe kusanda kuba khona intabamlilo. Cishe ama-80% obusomhlaba beKhwezi agcwele amathafa abushelelezi adalwa yizintabamlilo. Kula mathafa, angama-70% “anemibimbi” yamangelengele (ridges), ali10% ayizindilingana ezibushelelezi. Kunezindawo ezimbili eziyizintaba okuyizona ezithatha ama20% obusomhlaba, eyodwa itholakala kwingxenyendilinga (hemisphere) esenyakatho yeKhwezi, enye itholakala eningizimu kancane nenkabazwe (equator). Esenyakatho ibizwa ngeIshtar Terra - iqanjwe ngonkulunkulwana waseBabylonia omele uthando - ilingana ne-Australia. Intaba ende kunazo zonke kwiKhwezi, iMaxwell Montes, eli11km ukuya phezulu, itholakala kwi-ishtar Terra. Indawo yesibili ibizwa nge-Aphrodite Terra, iqanjwe ngonkulunkulwana waseGreece omele uthando. Yona inkulu kune-Ishtar Terra, icishe ilingane neSouth America.
Ukungabonakali kwesajaludaka (lava) esigobhozayo “siphelezela” izingoxongelentabamlilo (calde- ras), kuseyindida namanje. IKhwezi linezingoxongele (craters) ezidalwa wukushaywa yizimbumbulu (meteorites) nezingamhlaba (asteroids) eziyingcosana, okukhomba ukuthi ubusomhlaba balo busebusha, bulinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizi-300-600 million ubudala. IKhwezi linezinye izakhiwo (features) ezihlukile ezintabeni nase zi ngo x o nge le n i. Kulezi zakhiwo kukhona e zi y isi c abaphezulu ezidalwa y izintaba mlilo, okungamakhekhebazicaba (farra), e zicishe zifane nama-pancake.
Zilinganiselwa ema-20-50km umugqankaba kanti zingafinyelela e-1km ukuya phezulu. Kukhona nezinga n kanye zi kazi( n o va e) okuyizingabulwembu (arachnoids), ezibukeka sami sebe noma o kwendlu yesicabucabu, z ixube nemiqhelendilinga (coronae) okuyi zindilinga ezivame ukuhambisana n emi hu ntsha nge l we( fo s sa e ). Lezi zakhiwo zidalwa yizintabamlilo. Iningi lezakhiwo ezikwiKhwezi, ziqanjwe ngabesifazane abadumile eMhlabeni na bangonkulunkulu l wa na. YiMaxwell Montes, yi-Alpha Regio, yiBeta Regio neOvada Region kuphela ezingaqanjwanga ngabesifazane. IMaxwell Montes iqanjwe ngoJames Clerk Ma x we l lo wayengu so sayensi waseScotland ngeminyaka ye-1800. AmaRegio wona - okuyiziyingi ezisezindaweni eziphakeme, ziqanjwe i-International Astronomical Union (IAU) ingakanqumi ukuba ziqanjwe ngabesifazane.