Bahlela ukuhlonipha uNtshingwayo
Lqhawe elalwela umbuso kaZulu
MINYAKA yonke iHhovisi likaNdunankulu waKwaZuluNatal lethulela isigqoko amaqhawe namaqhawekazi alesi sifundazwe asalala kobandayo kodwa ashiya eyibekile induku ebandla emikhakheni eyehlukene.
Kwenziwa imifuziselo, kube nemicimbi nezinkulumo bekhunjulwa laba bantu abenza isifundazwe siziqhenye. Kulo nyaka kuhlonishwe uMnu Harry Themba Gwala, uMnu Griffiths Mlungisi Mxenge noNkk Victoria Nonyamezelo Mxenge, izishoshovu zomzabalazo wenkululeko.
Ihhovisi likandunankulu linezinhlelo zokuhlonipha iNduna, uNtshingwayo kaMahole Khoza, eyaba yiqhawe elibabazekayo embusweni waKwaZulu, ihlabana, iwumgogodla wombuso.
UNtshingwayo uchazwa njengedelakufa loqobo elalinobuchule bokuphaka impi nokukhuluma nebandla. UNtshingwayo nguyena owayengumkhuzi omkhulu wamabutho adidiyelwe (Commander-in-Chief) ezimpini zikaZulu namaNgisi ngonyaka we-1879.
Lezi zimpi - ikakhulukazi eyaseSandlwana yamhla zingama-22 kuMasingana (January) ngonyaka we-1879 - zabeka isizwe samaZulu ebalazweni lomhlaba ngoba kwakungokokuqala ngqa ukuba amaNgisi ehlulwe ngaphandle kwe-Europe, ebhuqabhuqwa wuZulu uholwa yiNduna uNtshingwayo.
UNtshingwayo wayengowesizwe sakwaKhoza esasizinze enhla neMfolozi eMhlophe, eMahlabathini, enyakatho yeKwaZulu-Natal. Uyise kaNtshingwayo, uMahole, wayeluse neNkosi Senzangakhona kaJama ezinkalweni zaseMthonjaneni ngesikhathi uSenzangakhona ehlangana nentombi yase- Nguga (eLangeni), uNandi Mhlongo. USenzangakhona noNandi ekuhla- nganeni kwabo “bangcweka”. Ngeshwa kwavela uShaka kulokho kungcweka kwabo. Esebusa KwaZulu uSenzangakhona, wamsondeza uMahole wamenza umeluleki wakhe. NeSilo uShaka sesiphethe izwe, kasibakhohlwanga abakwaKhoza, sabasondeza kusona.
USolwazi Jabulani Maphalala uyakugcizelela ukuthi uzalo lweqhawe uNtshingwayo kaMahole, kakulona lolu olunobukhosi eShowe, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKwaZulu-Natal, ngaphansi kweNkosi uZwelombango Khoza njengamanje.
Uthi uzalo lukaNtshingwayo lukhonjwa eNondweni, eNquthu, enyakatho nalesi sifundazwe. Usomlando, uMnu Ian Knight, uthi izikhonkwane zombuso kaZulu ngesikhathi kubusa iSilo uCetshwayo, okwakungoMnyamana kaNgqengelele Buthelezi (undunankulu), uNtshingwayo kaMahole (umdidiyeli nomkhuzi wamabutho) noSigananda kaZokufa waseMaChubeni (kwaShezi) babentanganye, belibutho leNkulutshane.
UNtshingwayo noSigananda babekhona eMgungundlovu (eMahlabathini) mhla amabutho eSilo uDingane ebulala amaBhunu ayeholwa nguPiet Rietief noGerrit Maritz mhla zizine kuNhlolanja (February) ngonyaka we-1838. Babengamabhungu ngalesi sikhathi bebuka okwakwenzeka esigodlweni.
Ekukhuleni kwakhe uNtshingwayo, ubekwe yiSilo uMpande kaSenzangakhona esigodlweni saseMlambongwenya, eShowe. Isigodlo lesi sasenganyelwe yiNduna uMfusi kaManyala Mdletshe, uyise kaMsushwana. Kulesi sigodlo uNtshingwayo wakhulisa uMntwana uCetshwayo engakayi ukuyofihlwa enduneni uSomopho kaSikhala, eMangweni.
ISilo uMpande sabe simkhonzile uNtshingwayo ngoba kwathi mhla kubambana iMpi yaseNdondakusuka, phakathi kwabalandeli boMntwana uCetshwayo (uSuthu) naboMntwana uMbuyazwe (iziGqoza), sathi uNtshingwayo makayotshela uMbuyazwe neziGqoza ukuthi basheshe bawele uThukela ngoba uSuthu lwaluza mawala.
Izinhloli zoSuthu zamsola uNtshingwayo zambamba, zamthumba engakafiki eziGqozeni lapho ayethunywe khona.
UMntwana uCetshwayo akambambelanga igqubu uNtshingwayo ngalokho, wamxolela.
Umuntu uMntwana uCetshwayo ayengafuni nakumbona nguNdunankulu weSilo uMpande, uMasiphula kaMamba waseMgazini ngoba akakufihlanga ukuthi weseka iziGqoza eMpini yaseNdondakusuka.
ISilo uMpande saphinde sajuba uMntwana uMaphitha kaSojiyisa kaJama ukuba akhele iNdlovukazi uNgqumbazi oKaMbondi Zungu, unina woMntwana uCetshwayo isigodlo saKwaGqikazi, endaweni yaKwaMpunzana oSuthu, KwaNongoma, enyakatho yeKwaZulu-Natal.
Eseqedile ukwakha leso sigodlo uMntwana uMaphitha, sanikwa uNtshingwayo kaMahole ukuba abe yinduna yaso.
Ekubuseni kweSilo uMpande, uNtshingwayo wasondelana nezinduna ezazindala kunaye encela kuzona ulwazi, okwakunguMasiphula kaMamba noMakhasana kaNgwanase wakwaTembe.
Kwathi langa limbe iSilo uMpande sesidunguzela, sabiza uNtshingwayo nezinye izinduna sathi: “Hambani ningiyele kumnawami uMaphitha, eNka- lakuthaba, KwaMandlakazi, nimnxuse ukuba angizingelele untangayethu, ibhubesi elidala ngoba ngifuna ukuba uma sengigoduka ngiya kobabamkhulu, ngigoqwe ngesikhumba salo.”
Nebala baya kuMntwana uMaphitha wakhipha inqina.
Lelo bhubesi labanjwa phesheya komfula iWela, phansi kwezintaba zeBombolo, okuyizona esezihlukanisa izifunda iZululand noMkhanyakude njengamanje.
UNtshingwayo uchazwa njengesiguqa sendoda eyayiyisidlakela, inamehlo akhanya umlilo, ithi uma ikhuluma ebandla nasesizweni kuthuleke cwaka. Kuthiwa wayeyigagu ekukhulumeni, empini wayefana neSilo uShaka, noNozishada kaMaqhoboza Nzuza ngoba wayengagcini ngokuyiphaka impi kodwa wayezifikela mathupha ayibambe kushunqe uthuli.
INduna uNtshingwayo yawulwela umbuso kaZulu uhlaselwa ngamaNgisi. Yalwa eSandlwana ikhuza amabutho adidiyelwe uVe, iNgobamakhosi, uKhandampevu, uNokhenke, uMbonambi, uMxhapho, iSangqu, iNdluyengwe, uThulwana, uDloko, uMthiyisazwe namanye.
Ngawo unyaka we-1879 ngoMasingana, induna uNtshingwayo yajuba izinduna uSomopho kaSikhala waseBathenjini, uPhalane kaMdinwa Mkhwanazi (KwaDlangezwa), uZimema kaSigodo Mzimela, uMajiya Nzuza noMadlebe Zungu ukuba baphuthume emfuleni iNyezane bayovimba ibutho lamaNgisi elaliholwa nguCol Charles Pearson elalizohlasela uZulu.
INduna uNtshingwayo yalwa futhi eMpini yaseHlobane mhla zingama-28 kuNdasa (March) ngowe-1879, yalwa kwaKhambule mhla zingama-29 kuNdasa 1879, yalwa eMpini yasoNdini mhla zingama 21 kuNtulikazi (July) ngowe-1883.
Ngesikhathi iSilo uCetshwayo siboshwa ngamaNgisi mhla zingama-29 kuNcwaba (August) ngowe-1879 ngemuva kweMpi yasoCwecweni (oNdini), uJohn Shepstone - owayengumnawabo kaTheophilus “Somtsewu” Shepstone - owayesephethe izindaba zomdadu, waklaya izwe laKwaZulu iziqephu ezili-13 ngemuva kokudingiswa kweSilo.
Induna uNtshingwayo yasikelwa isiqephu noGawozi kaSilwane Mpungose, uJohn Dunn (uJantoni) owathola udedangendlale wezwe, uZibhebhu kaMaphitha Zulu, uMgitshwa kaMenziwa Biyela, uMfanawendlela kaManzini Zungu, uSomkhele kaMalanda Mkhwanazi, uFaku Ntombela, uHhamu kaMpande (KwaNgenetsheni), uMgojana kaSomaphunga Ndwandwe, uSekethwayo kaNhlaka Mdlalose, uTlokoa Molefe noMlandela Mthethwa. ONtshingwayo base betshelwe ukuthi iSilo uCetshwayo ngeke siphinde sibuye.
INduna uNtshingwayo yabulawa ngesikhathi umlungu, uJohan Colenbrander ehamba noZibhebhu kaMaphitha beyohlasela izikhulu zezwe esigodlweni oNdini kusanda kubuya iSilo uCetshwayo.
UZibhebhu wayesexabene nezikhulu zezwe ngenxa yezinto ayezenza iSilo uCetshwayo sidingisiwe.
Mhla zingama-21 kuNtulikazi we1883, uZibhebhu wahlasela wabulala ikhabhinethi yonke yeSilo uCetshwayo, ihlangene kubuswa oNdini.
Asala lapho amaqhawe uNtshingwayo kaMahole Khoza, uGodide kaNdlela Ntuli, uMavumengwane kaNdlela Ntuli, uDikana kaHlakanyana Mbatha, uSimukanaye kaDikana Mbatha, uSekethwayo kaNhlaka Mdlalose, uBhejane kaNomagaja Cebekhulu, uMahubulwana kaDumisela Mdlalose, uMnqandi Sibisi, uSihayo kaXongo Ngobese, uMbopha kaWolizibi Hlabisa, uHhayiyana kaMaphitha Zulu, uNgcongcwana kaMqundana Zulu, uQethuka kaManqondo Magwaza, uVumandaba kaNtethi Ntshangase.
E-University of London kunomtapo wezincwadi oneZulu Section, igama lenduna uNtshingwayo kaMahole nomlando wayo kubhalwe ngamakhulu amagama.
sazim@ilanganews.co.za