Ingubomkhathi ihlukene izigaba
SIYIQHUBA kweyangeledlule
AMANDLA akhiqizwa yingubomkhathi ( atmospheric pressure) alinganiselwa ezi-101 325 Kilopascal kanti “ubude” bawo bulinganiselwa esi-8.5km.
Akhiwe ngama-78% e- nitrogen, ama-21% omoyampilo ( oxygen) yimbijana yomswakama, wumoyasikhutha ( carbon dioxide) nemilanjwana ( molecules) yamagesi ehlukene.
Ubude besitobhandilinga ( troposphere) buye buhluke ngezindawo zoMhlaba, kusukela esi-8km ezinquthu ( poles) kuya e-17km enkabazwe (equator), bese-ke omunye umehluko udalwa wukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezikhathi zonyaka.
Imvelondilinga ( biosphere) yoMhlaba iyishintshe kakhulu ingubomkhathi yawo. INGXENYE YENGUBOMKHATHI ENGENHLA
Ngenhla kwesitobhandilinga kukhona ukhalondilinga ( stratosphere), kulandele inkabandilinga ( mesosphere) nesivuvundilinga ( thermosphere).
Emuva kwalezi ziyingi zengubomkhathi, isiphethongubomkhathindilinga ( exosphere) siya sincipha siyophelela kuzibuthendilinga ( magnetosphere) lapho inkundlazibuthe ( magnetic field) yoMhlaba isebenzisana nesajasivunguvungu ( solar wind).
Ngaphakathi okhalwenindilinga kunengubomqondweni ( ozone layer) evikela ubusomhlaba ukuba bungahlatshwa ngqo yimisebe yeLanga enamandla, injalo nje ibamba elikhulu iqhaza ukuze kube nempilo eMhlabeni.
IKarman line - okuthiwa isebangeni eliyi-100km ukusuka ebuswenimhlaba - ithathwa njengomngcele phakathi kwengubomkhathi nomkhathi. UKUPHENDUKA KOMHLABA (ROTATION)
Ukuphenduka koMhlaba kuthatha imizuzwana eyizi-86 400 (okuwusuku).
Njengoba usuku seluthanda ukuba lude uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikhathi seminyaka ye-1800 - ngenxa yobudlelwano phakathi kweNyanga noMhlaba - usuku olulandelayo lwedlula olulwandulelayo ngesikhathi esiphakathi kwe-0-2 wemizuzwana. UMhlaba uzungeza iLanga ebangeni eliyizi-150 million km, okulithatha izinsuku ezingama-365.2564.
Lokhu likwenza ngesivinini esingama-29.78 km/s noma izi-107 200 km/h okungawenza uhambe ibanga elilingana nomugqankaba ( diameter) wawo - oyizi-12 742 km - ngemizuzu eyisi-7. Ukuya eNyangeni, esebangeni eliyizi-384 000 km, kungawuthatha amahora amathathu nengxenye.
UMhlaba nesimonkanyezi seLanga ( solar system) sisonke, utholakala kumaxhobela ( galaxy) iMilky Way, kanti-ke (wona nesimonkanyezi seLanga sisonke) uzungeza cishe iminyaka eyizi-28 000 light years enkabeni yalo maxhobela. Umthombo ngabe: en.wikipedia.org