"U-2018 ngunyaka kaSobukwe"
SIYAHLAZIYA: I-PAC izimisele ukulwa ukuze kutholakale izinkulumo zakhe ezithukusiwe
“SIKUTHATHA njengomsebenzi ongcwele, omele wenziwe yiwona wonke amazwe aseAfrika ukuzabalaza ngamandla angenamkhawulo ukuze kusungulwe i-United States of Africa, kusuka eCape (Town) kuya eCairo (e-Egypt) nokusuka eMadagascar kuya eMorocco.”
Lawa ngamazwi esishabasheki esasilwela amalungelo abantu eminyakeni eyedlule, uMnu Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, esabamba elikhulu iqhaza emlandweni womzabalazo wenkululeko yabampisholo eNingizimu Afrika - okumanje iqembu laso, iPan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), liqoke unyaka wezi-2018 njengowokuhlonipha lo mholi.
Lokhu kuvezwe ngumengameli waleli qembu, uMnu Narius Moloto okhale ngokuthi kakukho neyodwa inkulumo kaMnu Sobukwe eqoshiwe.
“Umengameli wokuqala wePAC washona ngonyaka we-1978 ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Wayengavunyelwe ukudlulisela imibono yakhe kubantu, sikhuluma nje kuze kube yinamuhla - njengoba sekudlule iminyaka engama-40 eshonile - kakukho ngisho nelilodwa iphimbo lakhe eliqoshiwe esinalo, lithukuswe ndawana thize lapho kungelula ukuba litholakale khona,” kusho uMnu Moloto.
Uthi iPAC izolwa ngandlela zonke ukuze kutholakale izinkulumo zalo mholi eziqoshiwe ukuze abantu base-Afrika yonkana bezozizwela ukuthi yikuphi abekholelwa kukhona.
UMnu Sobukwe obezobe eqeda iminyaka engama-94 edla anhlamvana nonyaka, wazalwa mhla ziyisihlanu kuZibandlela (December) - okuwusuku nenyanga okushone ngalo uMnu Nelson Mandela - washona mhla zingama-27 kuNhlolanja (February) we-1978.
Nguyena nabanye abaholi abaxebuke kwi-African National Congress (ANC) osungule iPAC mhla ziyisi-6 kuMbasa (April) we-1959. Uhulumeni wamaBhunu wawumsabisa okwenyoka ngenxa yesibindi sakhe nemibono yakhe. UMnu Sobukwe wazalelwa eGraaff-Reinet, e-Eastern Cape, enguthunjana ezinganeni zakwabo eziyisi-6.
Eseqede imfundo yamabanga aphezulu, waya eFort Hare University, e-Eastern Cape - ngaleso sikhathi eyayithathwa njengenkundla yokuqeqesha abaholi bezombusaze kuleli nasemazweni angomakhelwane - okulapho wafike wajoyina khona i-ANC Youth League (ANCYL) ngowe-1948 futhi waqokwa njengomengameli wesigungu sabafundi.
Ngowe1950, waqashwa njengothisha esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eStanderton, eMpumalanga wakhonjwa indlela ngowe-1952 ngesikhathi eseka umkha-nkaso wokushaya indiva uhulume-ni wamaBhunu ( Defiance Campaign).
Nokho ugcine ebuyiselwe emsebenzini wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi wayengagxilile emsebenzini weANC yize wayengunobhala wegatsha layo eStanderton. Ngowe-1954 wafundisa i-African Studies e-University of Witwatersrand. Ngowe-1957 wayishiya i-ANC wayoba ngumhleli wephephandaba i-The Africanist eGoli.
Wayekholelwa kakhulu ekubeni iNingizimu Afrika iphathwe ngendlela yase-Afrika, engahambisani nokuba kusetshenziswane nabantu abangewona ama-Afrika. Ngokwakhe, umAfrika ngumuntu ohlala nodabuka kuleli lizwekazi futhi ongenankinga nokuba iningi lababusi bakuleli kube ngamaAfrika.
Kubalandeli bakhe namalungu ePAC, wayebizwa ngoProfessor noma banqamulele bathi nguProf, okuyindlela ababechaza indlela aseyihambile kwezemfundo namandla ezinkulumo zakhe. Wayethi kumele ama-Afrika alwele ukuzikhulula wona ebugqilini, angafonqi izigqoko eyocenga ukulekelwa yilabo abangewona ama-Afrika.
Izinkolelo zakhe nezenzo zakhe kwagqugquzela abantu abaningi nezinhlangano eziningi, kubalwa iBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM) kaMnu Steve Biko. Ngeminyaka ye-1950, wayekholelwa kakhulu emibonweni efuze eyeNation of Islam kaMnu Malcolm Little, odume ngelikaMalcolm X - owagcina esebizwa ngo-el Hajj Malik elShabazz ngenxa yenkolo yakhe yobuSuluma
ne. UMnu Sobukwe waye- nombono wokuthi abamhlophe kumele bakhishwe inyumbazane kwiANC ngenxa yokushuba kobu-dlelwano phakathi kwabo nabampisholo, kuze kuba isimo siba ngcono phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga.
Wayekholwa wukuthi ukuncika kwabamhlophe kuzofiphaza umbono weningi lama-Afrika wokuthi anamandla okubuyisa okungokwawo okuthathwe ngabezizwe zasentshonalanga (kakhulukazi umhlaba).
Iphupho elikhulu lePAC kwakuwukuthi kuphele kubantu abampisholo umqondo wokuthi bayizicashalala zabamhlophe. Ngonyaka we-1960, uMnu Sobukwe wahola umbhikisho owawubheke esiteshini samaphoyisa, eSharpeville.
Lo mbhikisho, uKhomanda oMkhulu we-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), uMnu Julius Malema okuthe engumengameli weANC Youth League (ANCYL) wathi uMnu Sobukwe uwuntshontshwe kwi-ANC, kawuphethanga kahle ngenxa yamaphoyisa kahulumeni wamaBhunu, adubula ebulala abamashi abanga-69 ababengahlomile.
Wawuphikisana nokuthi abantu abamnyama bahlale begugusheka namapasi emaphaketheni. UMnu Sobukwe waboshwa wagwetshwa ngendlela engenabo ubulungiswa - emuva kwalokho kwalandela ukuba i-ANC nePAC bavalwe imilomo.
Wabekwa icala lokuvubela udungunyane wagwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ebhadla ejele. Esesiqedile isigwebo sakhe, washoniswa eRobben Island. Emuva kwalokho, uhulumeni waphasisa iGeneral Law Amendment Act eyayivuna ungqongqoshe wezobulungiswa ukuba elule isigwebo sikaMnu Sobukwe ngeminyaka ethandwa nguyena njalo ngonyaka.
Lo mholi nguyena kuphela owaboshwa ngaphansi kwaleli qhuzu. ERobben Island wayeyinhlwa, evalelwe yedwa kodwa enikwa ithuba lokufunda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, enikwa nezingubo zokugqoka okungezona ezasejele nokunye.
Wayehlaliswa yedwa engavunyelwe ukuhlangana nezinye iziboshwa. Yinye kuphela indlela ayekwazi ukuxhumana ngayo nezinye iziboshwa, wayenza izinkomba ezithile ngesandla ngesikhathi engaphandle ezivocavoca.
Yize wayevinjiwe ukuxoxa nezinye iziboshwa kodwa wakwazi ukunizeka iPAC imvume yokuba isebenzise iMaoism - okuyizimfundiso zomholi wezepolitiki waseChina, uMao Zedong.
EseRobben Island, wakwazi ukufunda waze wathola i- degree kwezomnotho, e-University of London. Kubikwa ukuthi wayephathwa kabuhlungu kanjena nje, yingoba yena wayenza uhulumeni udliwe yingebhe ngendlela emangalisayo uma kuqhathaniswa neziboshwa ze-ANC zangaleso sikhathi.
Kusukela eqala ukuboshwa, wayekwazi ukuxhumana nomngani wakhe, uBenjamin Pogrund owagcina ebhale ngaye incwadi ethi “Sobukwe and Apartheid”. Usizi lukaMnu Sobukwe kaluphelelanga eRobben Island.
Wadedelwa ngowe-1969 wavunyelwa ukuyohlala nomndeni wakhe eKimberly kodwa angalinge abeke umcondo wakhe ngaphandle kwegceke - okuyinto eyake yehlela iNkosi Albert Luthuli eGroutville, ogwini olusenyakatho yeKwaZulu-Natal.
UMnu Sobukwe wayeze ayotshingwa eKimberly nje, yingoba kwakunenkolelo yokuthi khona ngeke akwazi ukugovuza abantu ngezimfundiso zakhe futhi yilapho ayezokwazi ukusebenza khona ebhekwe ngeso lokhozi wuhulumeni.
Wayengavunyelwe nokuya phesheya kwezilwandle, okwamnqinda ukuba aqhubeke nemfundo. Ngenxa yalokhu, waphoqeleka ukungawamukeli umsebenzi wokuyofundisa ezindaweni ezahlukene e-United States of America (USA).
Waphothula izifundo zakhe zezomthetho ngosizo lommeli waseGaleshewe khona eKimberly, emuva kwalokho waqala wazisebenzela ngowe-1975. Wangeniswa esibhedlela ngowe-1977 ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Odokotela bakhe banxusa iziphathimandla zombuso ukuba zenze ubuntu zimvumele ahambe ngokukhululeka ezweni kodwa zala zaphetha.
Mhla zingama-27 kuNhlolanja we-1978, kwagcina kumenele ukufa wangcwatshwa ngakubo eGraafReinet mhla zili-11 kuNdasa walowo nyaka.
*Olunye ulwazi ngabe: en.wikipedia.org