Bathwele kanzima abalimi bomoba
Kukhona abangatholanga ngisho isenti enkokhelweni yokugcina yonyaka
ITHANDA ukuba nzima indaba eholele ekubeni abalimi bomoba baseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi abomdabu, bagcwale imigwaqo emasontweni amabili edlule bamashele emahhovisi kahulumeni ePretoria naseCape Town.
Laba balimi bebeholwa yiSouth African Farmers Development Association (SAFDA) nezinye izinhlaka zemboni kashukela, benxusa uhulumeni ukuba wenyuse intela egaxwa emikhiqizweni kashukela ovela emazweni angaphandle, okubikwa ukuthi usungena ngamawala kuleli.
Ngokusho kukaSihlalo weSAFDA, uMnu Siya Madlala, ukungena ngamawala kuleli koshukela okhiqizwa ngaphandle, kwenza abalimi bomoba bagcine sebethole inkokhelo encane, kumbe bangatholi lutho ngomkhiqizo wabo. Lokhu kudalwa wukuminyana nokuncintisana emakethe yakuleli koshukela ovela ngaphandle nokhiqizwa ngabalimi bakuleli.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi emazweni amaningi abalimi bakhona bayaxhaswa ngohulumeni babo ukuba bakhiqize, okwenza ibe phansi intengo abadayisa ngayo. Lokhu-ke kuheha izikhondlakhondla ezithenga ushukela ofakwa emikhiqizweni yazo - okuyiziphuzo ezibandayo nezishisayo, amakhekhe, izinkwa nokunye - zigcine sezithenga kakhulu ushukela oshibhile wangaphandle.
Ngaleso sizathu-ke, ababe besazuza lutho abalimi bakuleli. ISAFDA-ke nemboni yonke nje kashukela, ikhala ngokuthi uma uhulumeni wakuleli ungayenyusi intela yemikhiqizo evela ngaphandle ( sugar tariffs) - ukuze kungabi lula ukuba kulandwe ushukela wangaphandle - kuzobaqeda nya abalimi bakuleli.
Bazobe bengasazuzi lutho ngomoba. Ngalo mbhikisho abalimi bebefaka ingcindezi eMnyangweni wezoHwebo neziMboni ukuze kuthi uma usuludingida lolu daba, ucabange lesi simo asebekuso.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokungena kukahulumeni wentando yeningi ngo-1994, leli belixinwe kakhulu yisimo sonswinyo lwezomnotho obelugqugquzelwa yizinhlangano zezepolitiki ebezilwela inkululeko zingaphandle kwezwe.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano bekukhona ebusa izwe manje, i-African National Congress (ANC), yiPan Africanist Congress (PAC) neBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM). Lokhu bekwenza ukuba leli lizwe libe ngomagayazidlele emikhiqizweni yalo, ikakhulukazi eyezolimo.
Lokhu bekulenza leli libe namabhodi alawula ukukhiqiza nokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo eyahlukene. Phakathi kwala mabhodi bekuneSugar Board ebilawula ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa koshukela, iBanana Board kabhanana, Citrurs Board yamawolintshi nokunye okuyimikhiqizo esamawolintshi neMeat Board ebilawula ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwenyama neminye imikhiqizo yayo.
Nokudayiswa nokukhiqizwa kukavolo, uphayinaphu, ubisi neminye imikhiqizo yalo, ama- hlathi nokunye okulinywayo bekunebhodi yakho. Konke okulinywayo bekunamabhodi nemikhandlu ekulawulayo.
La mabhodi abenamandla okulawula ngisho inkokhelo ezonikezwa umlimi ngomkhiqizo awuthumele emakethe ngoba okuningi bekudayiswa ngaphakathi ezweni ngenxa yonswinyo lwezomnotho.
Nangaphandle nje konswinyo lwezomnotho, abengemaningi namazwe abebambisene naleli kwezomnotho ngenxa yokuthi amaningi abengahambisani nenqubo yobandlulo kahulumeni wamaBhunu.
La mabhodi abesebenzisana kakhulu nohulumeni ekufuneni izimakethe ngaphandle nangaphakathi, wukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ngamabhanoyi nemikhumbi nokulawula intelo egaxwa emikhiqizweni evela ngaphandle.
Lokhu bekwenza kungabikhona ukuminyana nokuncintisana okukhulu kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngaphandle nekhiqizwa kuleli emakethe yangaphakathi ezweni. Ukuthola kwaleli inkululeko ngo-1994, kungena umengameli wokuqala wentando yeningi, uMnu Nelson Mandela, kwenze wonke amazwe aluhoxisa unswinyo lwezomnotho. Lokhu-ke bekusho izindaba ezimbi nezinhle kubakhiqizi bakuleli, ikakhulukazi abezolimo nabendwangu njengoba kuyibona abakhiqiza ukotini owenza indwangu.
Kwenze ukuba imikhiqizo yakuleli kuvuleleke ukuba iyodayiswa emakethe yomhlaba. Makukhumbuleke futhi ukuthi amanani emakethe yomhlaba alawulwa yiyona (imakethe yomhlaba), hhayi amabhodi abalimi.
Lokhu-ke kwenze aqedwa nala mabhodi ezolimo. Bese kusho ukuthi zingena ngokukhulu ukukhululeka izimpahla ezivela emazweni angaphandle, kubalwa nayo imikhiqizo yezolimo.
Yilapho-ke abalimi beqale khona ukuzwa ubunzima bokuncintisana nozakwabo bangaphandle. Ngo-1998, bekunengqungquthela yeNational African Farmers Union (Nafu) ebiseGoli, abalimi bezimbali baseGauteng bebekhihla isililo sokuminyaniswa komkhiqizo wabo emakethe yizimbali ezivela eKenya.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi ne- mboni yendwangu ikhala esifanayo njengoba isingena ilakanyana indwangu evela eChina. Nakwezenyama yenkukhu kukhihlwa esikaNandi kuleli njengoba kuvimbezele inyama yenkukhu evela eBrazil nase-United States of America (USA).
Lokhu sekwenze kwavalwa izinkampani zakuleli ezikhiqiza inyama yenkukhu, kubalwa nebiqashe abantu abaningi KwaZulu-Natal, iRainbow Chicken. Sekunjalo-ke nakubalimi bomoba.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu imboni kashukela ibikhala ngoshukela ogcwele amashalofu ezitolo zakuleli uvela eSwaziland. Nokho le mboni igcine ikwazile ukwenza izivumelwano neSwaziland. Ukwenyuka koshukela ovela ngaphandle kuzokwenza abalimi bomoba abanemihlaba emincane ukuba bangakwazi ukukhokhelwa ngokufaneleyo.
Kuzwakala nokuthi kukhona abangatholanga ngisho isenti enkokhelweni yokugcina yonyaka. Lesi simo siyabashaya ngokuphikiswa yizibalo ( economies of scale) abalimi abasezindaweni zamakhosi njengoba benemihlaba emincane.
Senza bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nokulima umoba. Okunye okungaba wumthelela kulokhu, wukuthi phela leli lisenhlanganweni yamazwe ayisihlanu ahlangene ngokwezomnotho I-BRICS, eyakhiwe yiBrazil, yiRussia, yi-India, yiChina neNingizimu Afrika.
Amathathu kula mazwe akhiqiza ushukela. Amabili kuwo, okuyiBrazil ne-India, ahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ngokukhiqiza ushukela womoba.
IBrazil ikhiqiza u-41 % wawo wonke umkhiqizo kashukela emhlabeni, i-India ikhiqiza u-18%. INingizimu Afrika isendaweni yesithathu. Yiyo futhi le Brazil ekhiqiza inqwaba yenyama yenkukhu engenise ngezinkani emakethe yakuleli. Umbuzo-ke uthi iBRICS ingakuvimba kanjani ukuba amalungu ayo adayiselane imikhiqizo yawo ?