Zisenkingeni izikhwama zempesheni
EZINYE izinhlelo zikahulumeni zokusiza abaqashi abazithola besenkingeni ngenxa yempi necoronavirus, zizobeka izisebenzi engcupheni.
Uhulumeni wamemezela izinhlelo eziningi zokweseka abaqashi abasenkingeni yemali, phakathi kwazo esingabala ukulekelelwa kwabo ngemali yokuholela izisebenzi.
Le mali iphuma esikhwameni se-Unemployed Insurance Fund (UIF). Ngasekuqaleni kwalolu hlelo ngabaqashi kuphela ababevunyelwe ukufaka izicelo zalolu sizo. Olunye uhlelo lokusiza abaqashi wukubavumela ukuthi bangayikhokhi ingxenye yabo eya esikhwameni sempesheni yezisebenzi.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi imali engene esikhwameni sempesheni imikhakha mibili; owokuqala yimali exetshulwa emholweni wesisebenzi ngasinye esiyilungu lesikhwama; owesibili imali eqhamuka ngakumqashi.
Umqashi uqoqa yonke le mali ayidlulisele esikhwameni sempesheni. Ukusebenza kwezikhwama zempesheni kuyehluka; kwezinye ingxenye yomqashi iba ngaphezulu kwaleyo ekhokhwa yizisebenzi.
Zombili lezi zinhlelo zokusiza abaqashi zivula amathuba omgunyathi kubona, okuyinto ejwayelekile. Sekunemibiko yokuthi abanye abaqashi kabayidluliselanga ezisebenzini yonke amali abayithole kwi-UIF.
Abanye abaqashi kabazange bazihluphe ngokufaka izicelo zosizo, bashiya izisebenzi zabo zibamba ziyeka, zingazi ukuthi zizophila ngani.
Lokhu kuze kwadala ukuthi uhulumeni ushintshe uhlelo, uvule ithuba lokuthi izisebenzi zizifakele izicelo.
UNgqongqoshe wezemiSebenzi nezeziSebenzi, uMnu Thembelani “Thulas” Nxesi, usanda kumemezela ukuthi useqoke ithimba labaphenyi ukuze lilandele imigudu yemali ekhishwe yi-UIF ngaphansi kohlelo lokusiza izinkampani ukuba zikwazi ukukhokhela izisebenzi.
Lokhu kwenzeka nje, kunemibiko ethi ezinye izinkampani ezihlomule kulolu hlelo kaziyidluliseli imali ezisebenzini.
Ngakwezempesheni, inkinga izoqhamuka ngenxa yokuvunyelwa kwezinkampani wumthetho olawula ukusebenza kwezikhwama zempesheni ukuba zehlise noma zimise inkongozelo yazo esikhwameni sempesheni.
Umthetho olawula ukusebenza kwezikhwama zempesheni uthi umqashi kumele adlulisele imali yenkongozelo - yileyo eyingxenye yakhe nayixebule emiholweni yezisebenzi - esikhwameni sempesheni kungakapheli isinsuku eziwu-7 emuva kokuphela kwenyanga.
Ezinye izikhwama zempesheni zinemigomo elawula izimo lapho umqashi ephoqeleka ukumisa umsebenzi, ivumele abaqashi ukuba bamise ukukhokhwa kwenkongozelo yabo.
Inkinga enkulu ngezikhwama zempesheni, wushintsho olwenziwa eminyakeni eyedlule lapho zonke zashintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Kudala izikhwama zempesheni zazisebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lapho imigomo yesikhwama yayicacisa ukuthi imali yempesheni yelungu iyobalwa kanjani uma selithatha umhlalaphansi.
Ingxenye enkulu yalesi sibalo kwakuba wumholo welungu enyakeni noma emibili ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kulolu hlobo lwesikhwama (Defined Benefit Fund) umqashi wayenezwi elikhulu, phezu kwalokho, wayenika isiqiniseko sokuthi isisebenzi ngasinye siyayithola imali yesivumelwano uma sesithatha umhlalaphansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqashi wayevunyelwe ukumisa eyakhe inkongozelo isikhathi esingaba wunyaka uma ongoti abacubungula izidingo zezikhwama zempesheni bethi isimo sesikhwama singamelana nazo zonke izidingo zamalungu azothatha umhlalaphansi maduze nje.
Sinye isikhwama sempesheni esikhulu esisasebenza ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, okuyiGovernment Employees Pension Fund (GEPF), kwazise amalungu ezinyunyana alwa nabaqashi ukuthi lushintshwe lolu hlelo, efuna ukuthi izisebenzi zibe nezwi futhi ziqoke abazozimela ekuphathweni kwesikhwama sempesheni.
Lolu shintsho lwangena nohlobo lwesikhwama lapho kungenasiqiniseko sokuthi ilungu lizothola malini uma selithatha umhlalaphansi. Okuchazwe kabanzi nje, wukuthi umqashi nelungu ngalinye bazofaka malini esikhwameni sempesheni (Defined Contribution Fund).
Inzuzo-ke eyenziwa yizikhwama zempesheni incike kakhulu ezintweni ezimbili; eyokuqala yisimo somnotho, eyesibili wubungcweti babaphathimali yesikhwama.
Uma isimo somnotho sintenga nabaphathi mali bethuntubezekile, isikhwama sempesheni kasenzi nzuzo etheni.
Umbiko wonyakamali ka-201819, owakhishwa wumnyango kamehluleli wezikhwama zempesheni (Office of the Pension Funds Adjudicator), uthi izikhalo eziningi ezafakwa kulo mnyango zazixhumene nokwehluleka kwezikhwama zempesheni ukuqoqa inkongozelo kubaqashi.
Okwethusayo wukuthi lokhu kwenziwa yizikhwama ezinkulu zempesheni, ezingokhukhulelangoqo ( umbrella funds), yizikhwama ezasungulwa ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi kwezinyunyana nabaqashi nezikhwama ezabunjwa ngabaqashi ngokwemboni abangaphansi kwayo.
Umbiko kamehluleli wakhononda kakhulu ngomasipala ukuthi yibo abangayithumeli inkongozelo yabo ezikhwameni zempesheni. Omasipala abaningi ezweni basezinkingeni zemali, yingakho nje abanye sebeneminyaka behluleka wukukhokhela ugesi abawuthenga e-Eskom.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi izikhwama zempesheni zithatha le mali eqoqwe ngabaqashi ziyitshale ezimakethe zemali, enye ingxenye ziyifake emabhange ukuze zithole inzuzo.
Uma le mali incipha ngenxa yokuthi kunabaqashi abangayithumeli eyabo inkongozelo, lokho kungabeka amalungu ezikhwama zempesheni engcupheni yokuthi angatholi imali ebhekile uma esethatha umhlalaphansi.
Lokhu kuzokwenzeka emuva kweminyaka izikhwama zempesheni zingatholi nzuzo etheni ngenxa yesimo somnotho esintengayo.