Elakuleli ne-USA basayine isivumelwano sokulwa nokushushunjiswa kwemali
I-United States of America (USA) neNingizimu Afrika, sebevumelene ngokubambisana empini yokulwa nemizamo yokuguqulwa kwemali etholakala ngokuthengiswa ngokungemthetho kwezilwane zasendle zakuleli.
Lesi sivumelwano siyingxenye yomkhankaso wokulwa nemizamo yokuguqulwa kwemali yobugebengu nenkohlakalo, eyenziwa sengathi itholakale ngendlela ehambisana nemithetho yezwe, phecelezi, money laundering.
Senziwa nje lesi sivumelwano, leli lisabhekene nomkhankaso wokuzama ukuvika isibhaxu elingase lisithole enhlanganweni yamazwe esingethe imizamo yokulwa nokushushunjiswa kwemali nokusetsenziswa kwayo ukuxhasa izenzo zobushokobezi.
Uhulumeni waphoqeka ukuba uphasise izichibiyelo zemithetho yezwe ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka owedlule.
Le mithetho inquma ukuthi amabhange nezinye izinkampani kumele zazi yonke imininingwane ngamakhasimende azo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi imali ayisebenzisayo itholakale kanjani.
Lezi zichibiyelo zalandela izexwayiso zabenhlangano yomhlaba ebizwa ngeFinancial Action Task Force (FATF), zikhomba igeba emithethweni yezwe, zithi livulela ukushushunjiswa kwemali.
Imvamisa, le mali itholakala ngokukhwabanisa nenkohlakalo futhi kubuye kuxhaswe ngayo ubushokobezi.
I-FATF yima isazocubungula ukuthi ngabe iyagculisa yini imizamo yelakuleli.
Njengoba sike sabika kule ngosi nyakenye, uma ingagculisekile le nhlangano, leli lizozithola ebunzimeni ngoba lizobekwa ohlwini lwamazwe imithetho yawo engaqinile, futhi angakwazi ukuphenya nokushushisa labo abephula imithetho enqanda ukushushunjiswa kwemali.
Isivumelwano sokubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni wase-USA nowakuleli, sisayinwe ngeledlule ngesikhathi ungqongqoshe wezemali e-USA, uNkz Jenet Yellen, evakeshele uzakwabo kuleli, uMnu Enoch Godongwana.
Lab’ ohulumeni bathi bazosungula ithimba elizobhekana ngqo nokuguqulwa kwemali etholakala ngokuthengiswa ngokungemthetho izilwane zasendle.
Lizogxila ezintweni ezintathu; wukucobelelana ngolwazi, wukubambisana kwabaphenyi bamacala nokuqinisa imizamo yokulwa nokukhucululwa kwemali etholakale ngezenzo eziphambene nemithetho yezwe nokuxhaswa kwezenzo zobushokobezi.
Le mizamo izoba ngaphansi kwezinhlangano ezimbili.
E-USA kuzohamba phambili inhlangano ebhekene nokulwa namacala okuphulwa kwemithetho yezemali, iFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network), kati kuleli kuzohamba phambili imbumba yezinhlangano ezilwa nemizamo yokuguqulwa kwemali etholakala ngobugebengu, iSouth African
Anti-Money Laundering Integrated Task Force (SAMLIT).
Zombili lezi zinhlangano zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezizimele emkhakheni wezemali.
I-SAMLIT ithi ibisivele ibhekana nohwebo olungekho emthethweni ngezilwane zasendle.
Ithi inethimba longoti kulo mkhakha elibhekene nokwandiswa kolwazi ngemali etholakala ngalolu hwebo.
Lokhu kubambisana kuqhamuka nje, iFATF yabika ngo-2021 ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika inezinga eliphezulu lobugebengu, ingxenye enkulu yabo ehambisana nokutholakala kwenzuzo.
Lobu bugebengu buphathelene nemali yentela, inkohlakalo, ukukhwabanisa, ukushushunjiswa kwezidakamizwa namacala aphathelene nezemvelo.
IFATF yabika ukuthi ubukhulu
bomnotho wakuleli e-Afrika, kwenza lithandeke kulabo abafuna ukwenza ubugebengu ngokushushumbisa imali.
Okwesibili, kwandile kuleli ukusetshenziswa kwemali engamaphepha futhi linamabhizinisi amaningi ahweba engabhalisiwe ngokomthetho.
Umbiko we-FATF walandelwa wuphenyo lomnyango weBhange loMbuso (South African Reserve Bank), osingethe ukusebenza kwamabhange nezinye izinkampani zemali – okubalwa kuzo ezemishwalense – olwaveza ukuthi amabhange akuleli asengcupheni edalwa:
• Yimali ezitholakala ngokukhwabanisa nenkohlakalo;
• Ukutshalwa kwemali okungekho emthethweni, okudume ngamabhanoyi;
• Ukwephulwa kwemithetho emayelana nezemvelo;
• Amacala athinta ukwephulwa kwemithetho ephathelene nezentela;
• Ukushushunjiswa kwemali iya kwamanye amazwe;
• Ukushushunjiswa kwezidakamizwa nabantu;
• Nobugebengu obenziwa ngemishini ezishintshayo, phecelezi i-cybercrime.
Zonke lezi zenzo zibeka izinkampani ezisebenza ngemali kuleli, ikakhulukazi amabhange, engcupheni engadala ukuthi lezi zinkampani zilahlekelwe yimali.
Izinkampani zakuleli – ikakhulukazi amabhange – zingagcina sezithola ubunzima ekugcineni ubudlelwano nokusebenzisana nozakwabo kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi e-USA nasemazweni ase-Europe.
Kulokhu, ibalulekile imibono yezikhulu zikahulumeni waseUSA ngemizamo kahulumeni wakuleli yokulwa nokushushunjiswa kwemali nokwesekwa kobuphekulazikhuni.
Uma lezi zikhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nensebenzo yamabhange, zisola ukuthi elakuleli kalikho magange ukulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali nokwesekwa kobushokobezi, zingagcina ngokwenza nzima ukusebenzisa phakathi kwezinkampani zemali zase-USA nozwakwabo kuleli.
Yingakho nje sibalulekile isivumelwano sokubambisana phakathi kwe-USA neNingizimu Afrika empini yokulwa nemizamo yokuguqulwa kwemali etholakala ngokuthengiswa ngokungekho emthethweni kwezilwane zasendle zakuleli.