Having an efficient state is key

Covid-19 has exposed the hubris of the right-wing populists – and the need to root out corruption

NOT that long ago right-wing authoritarian populism seemed unstoppable.

With Donald Trump, Jair Bolsonaro and Narendra Modi as the three horsemen of the apocalypse, and other equally dangerous men like Viktor Orbán and Rodrigo Duterte riding close behind, the future looked bleak.

But Covid-19 has exposed the hubris of the right-wing populists.

Trump, Bolsonaro and Boris Johnson all initially denied the seriousness of the new virus and gave their citizens macho bluster rather than scientifically backed responses. In each of their countries infection rates have now gone through the roof, and Johnson and Bolsonaro have been infected themselves.

A number of writers, including Pankaj Mishra recently, have argued that this fiasco is one of the final nails in the coffin of Angloamerican hegemony. Before World War II, English power seemed unassailable. After the war American power seemed unassailable. Now both of these countries are in obvious and rapid decline.

Mishra and others are correct to argue that the long era of AngloAmerican domination of the globe is rapidly collapsing. But there is another point to be made, which is that rightwing populism also stands exposed.

One only has to compare the health

disaster in the US with the experience of a country like Germany, or Vietnam, which has not had a single death due to Covid-19, to see the difference that effective governance makes.

Germany is a social democracy with a highly efficient state.

Countries like Vietnam, and China, which also dealt with the virus very well, are more authoritarian but also have highly effective states. The difference between the countries that have dealt with the virus well, and those that have not, is not the extent to which they are democratic. It is the extent to which they have an efficient state.

Right-wing populists have relied on personal charisma to win elections but, in office, have undermined their own states in support of the standard rightwing hostility to the state. This can be traced back to Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, who famously declared that: “The nine most terrifying words in the English language are: I’m from the government, and I’m here to help.”

This coronavirus will not be an isolated threat to human societies. There may be more pandemics, and as we continue to pillage nature, and from climate change and the social media-driven destruction of the public sphere continue, there will be many more crises. And in South Africa we also have to confront a massive social crises as unemployment figures go through the roof.

We can already see that countries like Germany and China have the capacity to deal effectively with crises, while countries like the US, the UK and India do not. As a result, the power of these countries will decline, while that of countries like Germany and China will continue to rise.

The lesson for South Africa is that we need to move fast, very fast, to get our house in order. Our state was turned into an instrument for elite accumulation during the Jacob Zuma years and is not even close to being fixed. Our state remains massively corrupt and inefficient.

This has been shown up during the Covid-19 crisis.

President Cyril Ramaphosa started out well, taking the advice of our best scientists. But he didn’t have an effective state to implement policy. What we got was thuggery from the police and the army; thuggery that undermined the standing of the state. But the time that was bought with the lockdown to prepare for the Covid-19 surge was squandered, because the state is not capable of working in the way that the German or Chinese state can work.

We didn’t prepare our hospitals adequately. We didn’t roll out sufficient support to people who lost their incomes. And we failed to track and trace people who have been exposed to infected people.

We have learnt a hard lesson. If South Africa is to prepare for the rocky road ahead we need, as an urgent matter of national concern, to build an effective state. South Africans fought too hard for democracy to accept the authoritarian Chinese version of an effective state. What we need to work towards is the democratic German version of an effective state.

This means that the we have to move, as swiftly as we can to root out corruption. There can be no more excuses in this regard. Decisive action is required in the form of an all-out war against corruption. We also need a professional civil service. Jobs cannot continue to be allocated to the relatives of politicians under the guise of “cadre deployment”. Every job in the state must go to a person with appropriate qualifications. Twenty years ago this would have meant privileging whites, but this is no longer the case. There are now plenty of black graduates to fill up the necessary positions.

Ramaphosa is a rational man, and infinitely superior to the likes of Bolsonaro, Trump and Modi. But he is not a strong man. He has not shown the stomach to act against the rampant corruption and dysfunction in his own party. And powerful forces within the ANC will do all they can to continue the looting and jobs for pals.

It is time for society to step into the breach, and to make it clear to the ANC that corruption and dysfunction will no longer be tolerated, and that Ramaphosa will have the backing of society if he does find the courage to act against the corrupt elements that continue to hold real power in the ANC.

The Covid-19 crisis has shown that an effective state is not a luxury. It is an urgent necessity for every country.

That urgency is even more pronounced for us in view of the massive social crisis that we will have to confront when the Covid-19 crisis subsides. The time to act is now.

Buccus is senior research associate at the Auwal Socio-economic Research Institute, a research fellow in the School of Social Sciences at UKZN and academic director of a university study abroad programme on political transformation