Obesity in dogs

OBESITY is the most common nutritional disorder seen in dogs.

In some communities, an estimated 25% to 44% of dogs are overweight or obese.

Genes associated with obesity have been found in humans and rodents but not dogs.

However, because certain breeds are at greater risk for obesity than others, there is probably a genetic component to obesity in some dogs.

Predisposed breeds include labrador retriever, dachshund, sheltie, cocker spaniel, beagle, basset hound, Cavalier King Charles spaniel and cairn terriers.

The incidence of obesity in dogs increases after two years of age and plateaus at about six to eight years of age.

Obesity is more common in females than males. It is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, where intake exceeds expenditure.

Known risk factors include overeating due to availability and improved palatability of pet foods, competition for food from other animals present at the time of feeding, begging at the table, receiving high-fat treats, and lack of exercise.

Aging is associated with a decrease in lean body mass and metabolic rate.

In addition, aging is often associated with medical conditions, such as degenerative joint disease that interfere with the ability to exercise. Middle-aged and older dogs tend to be less active.

Spaying and neutering increases the frequency of obesity in males and females. Hormonal imbalances caused by conditions such as hypothyroidism (under-active thyroid) can also lead to obesity.

Drugs that increase appetite, such as corticosteroids and phenobarbital can also cause obesity.

Health risks associated with obesity in dogs include decreased life expectancy, increased incidence of hip dysplasia and degenerative joint disease, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, reduced immunity, exercise and heat intolerance, diabetes mellitus, skin conditions, and mortality during and after anaesthesia.

Consult a veterinarian for options to manage obesity in your dog.