Shutdown game-changer for smugglers
Zimbabwe border crooks adapt as curbs disrupt illicit supply chains
In a scene straight out of a thriller, four men in ski masks invaded a Zimbabwe Revenue Authority depot in Bulawayo on May 6, making off with goods worth $20,000 (R339,000).
The loot — about 300 boxes of cough mixture and boxes of gin — had been confiscated by authorities after being smuggled into Zimbabwe from SA.
But as Covid-19 disrupts illicit supply chains, smugglers are being forced to adapt to make ends meet.
No-one had been arrested for the elaborate heist, the national police spokesperson, Assistant Commissioner Paul Nyathi, said.
SA is Zimbabwe’s biggest trading partner — 75% of its exports, with an estimated annual value of $388m (R6.57bn), end up in SA, while 40%, or $2bn (R33.86bn) worth of its imports come from there.
Despite fluid trade between the two countries, smuggling rings have thrived.
A 2019 audit report from the government of Zimbabwe put the cost to revenue at $1bn a year, with 70% of leakages taking place at the Beitbridge border.
Now, with the Beitbridge closed due to lockdowns in SA and Zimbabwe, smugglers are finding it harder, and more costly, to bring illicit drugs and basic goods such as groceries into Zimbabwe.
Illegal routes were compromised briefly when SA erected a R37m border fence in April (but it was badly damaged barely a month later).
Superintendent Tichaona Nyongo, the officer commanding the Beitbridge district, said:
“Even donkey carts are being used to smuggle goods.”
Patson Phiri (not his real name) is a malayitsha (crossborder transporter) with 20 years’ experience ferrying goods — and sometimes border-jumpers — to Zimbabwe.
But the border closure has necessitated a change of tack: Phiri has parked his Toyota Quantum minibus and instead started using a 20t truck to transport goods.
“Commercial trade is open, but informal transporters are banned,” he said.
“We now use trucks to get access to the border.”
This allows him to transport goods permitted under the regulations, such as spare parts for machines, while illicitly including his “regular business, such as groceries and money”.
Not all new truckers have been as lucky.
In the middle of last month, police impounded a truck overloaded with groceries, and two weeks back, eight suspects were arrested in the biggest haul since the lockdown began.
“We impounded a minibus and a truck with groceries at an illegal crossing point.
“The two vehicles had groceries, electrical gadgets and blankets,” Nyathi said.
“We have since deployed a fresh team of police and army officers to patrol the area.
“We are also searching all cargo that goes through the border, because a truck carrying maize was found with groceries worth R83,000.”
It has had a knock-on effect on prices.
“Because it is now hard for us, we have increased fees,” Phiri said.
“I used to charge 30% of the total value of goods [transported]; now it’s 40%-50%.
“For remittances, I charge 12% of the total amount.”
Others have also seen a substantial rise in earnings.
Along the Limpopo River, smugglers have set up camps as clearing houses for receiving and distributing smuggled goods. Inflatable boats are prized assets for this illicit venture.
“I make at least R3,000 a day just from ferrying goods using this boat,” one of the smugglers said.
“Before the lockdown period I made half of that.”
The smugglers claim Zimbabwean and SA security personnel are in on the scheme.
“The protection fee is now high [R200 a trip].”
In a country gripped by its worst economic crisis in a decade, and with 7-million facing starvation, the illegal routes are avenues of survival for some — while the state loses out on much-needed revenue.
It is not just new tactics smugglers are trying; another income stream that has opened is smuggling people back into the country from SA.
For R2,000, a Zimbabwean can return and bypass the mandatory 21-day quarantine.
“It’s risky health-wise but the money is good,” Phiri said. —