Peace deal ends 50 years of violence

Quarter million Colombians killed

COLOMBIAN President Juan Manuel Santos and Marxist rebel leader Timochenko used a pen made from a bullet yesterday to sign an agreement ending a half-century of war that killed a quarter of a million people and made their nation a byword for violence.

After four years of negotiations in Havana, Santos, 65, and Timochenko, a nom de guerre for 57-yearold revolutionary Rodrigo Londono, shook hands on Colombian soil for the first time.

About 2 500 foreign and local dignitaries attended the ceremony , in the walled, colonial city of Cartagena.

The agreement to end Latin America’s longest-running conflict will turn the FARC guerrillas into a political party fighting at the ballot box instead of the battlefield they have occupied since 1964.

“We are going to sign with a bullet-pen… to illustrate the transition of bullets into education and a future,” said Santos, who staked his reputation on achieving peace.

Guests included UN head Ban Ki-moon, Cuban President Raul Castro, US Secretary of State John Kerry and victims of the conflict.

“The UN will assist in the implementation of the accord and offer Colombians our complete support at a time that sees a new destiny for the nation,” Ban said before flying to Colombia.

Despite widespread relief at an end to the bloodshed and kidnappings of past decades, the deal has caused divisions in Latin America’s fourth-biggest economy. Influential former president Alvaro Uribe and others are angry that the accord allows rebels to enter parliament without serving any jail time.

Colombians will vote on October 2 on whether to ratify the agreement, but polls show it will pass easily. Around Cartagena yesterday, huge billboards urged a “yes” vote.

FARC, which stands for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, began as a peasant revolt, became a big player in the cocaine trade and at its strongest had 20 000 fighters. Now it must hand over weapons to the UN within 180 days.

Colombians are nervous over how the remaining 7 000 rebels will integrate into society, but most are optimistic peace will bring more benefits than problems.

“I can’t believe this day has finally come,” said an excited Juan Gamarra, 43, who sells jewellery in Cartagena.

Colombia has performed better economically than its neighbours in recent years, and peace should reduce security costs and open new areas for mining and oil companies. But criminal gangs could try to fill the void, and landmines hinder development.

With peace achieved, Santos, a member of a wealthy Bogota family, will be likely to use the political capital to push his economic agenda, especially tax reforms to compensate for a drop in oil income caused by a fall in energy prices.

Big screens to watch the ceremony were erected around the nation of 49 million people.

“It’s such an important day,” said Duvier, a nom de guerre for a 25-yearold rebel attending a FARC congress last week. – Reuters

‘We’re going to sign with a pen made from bullets… to illustrate the transition of bullets into education. Juan Manuel Santos