Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Affects children and teens and can continue into adulthood. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder in children. Children with ADHD may be hyperactive and unable control their impulses.

Children with ADHD may find organization, quiet-play, waiting for their turn and attention to detail challenging. They tend to talk excessively, intrude on others, blurt out answers before questions are even completed, fidget and squirm when stationary, lose their belongings and avoid tasks demanding strenuous mental effort.

Causes of ADHD

American Psychiatric Association scientists have not yet identified the specific causes of ADHD, but state that premature birth, smoking, consumption of alcohol and extreme stress during pregnancy and brain injury may contribute to the disorder.

Treatment

Many symptoms of ADHD can be managed with medication and therapy.

Medication: Medications called stimulants can help control hyperactive and impulsive behavior and increase attention span. Therapy: These treatments focus on changing behaviour. Special education helps a child learn at school. Having structure and a routine can help children with ADHD a lot. Behaviour modification teaches ways to replace bad behaviors with good ones. Psychotherapy (counseling) can help someone with ADHD learn better ways to handle their emotions and frustration. It can also help improve their self-esteem. Counseling may also help family members better understand the child or adult with ADHD. Social skills training can teach behaviours, such as taking turns and sharing.