Paris faces hysteria over bedbug infestation
France's government is working hard to contain a national panic over bedbugs.
Senior officials from the health, economy and transport ministries met at the prime minister's office to co-ordinate a plan of action against the insects. They are expected to speed up proposals for a national observatory on bedbugs to establish an accurate picture of the phenomenon.
Entomologists and health experts have warned that although there has been an undoubted surge in the bedbug population - and not just in France - many sightings are false, and there is a risk of unwarranted hysteria.
Nicolas Roux de Bézieux, creator of a pest control website, says in three of four calls he gets from concerned homeowners, the problems turn out not to have been caused by bedbugs.
Romain Morzaderc, a pest-controller in Brittany, told newspaper that "in 99% of cases, yes there are nasty black insects, but no, they are not bedbugs".
The government has been alarmed by the way the bedbug story has dominated headlines at home and abroad. Ministers fear the image of Paris is
Ouest-France being damaged, and that tourism could suffer, especially during next year's Olympics.
But they need to strike a delicate balance between reassuring the public, and at the same time raising awareness of a problem that needs prompt action if it is to be controlled.
Transport Minister Clément Beaune said that of nearly 50 reported sightings of bedbugs on metro and SNCF trains, not one had been verified.
"I wouldn't like to see a kind of French-bashing take hold… as it does sometimes in Anglo-Saxon countries," he said. "The problem needs to be taken very seriously. No denial. And no hysteria."
Over recent weeks, pest-control companies across France have reported a huge increase in bedbug call-outs. Experts say there is always a pick-up after the summer holidays, and every year the surge is getting bigger.
"It's happening in cities everywhere," said Mr Roux de Bézieux.
Bedbugs have also been reported in cinemas, trains, hospitals and schools. Social media has hugely amplified public anxiety - though many videos circulating on the internet turn out to be of insects that are not bedbugs.
Among other measures under consideration by government are regulating the price of eradication; clarifying financial responsibilities between flat-owners and renters; and a registered list of pest-control companies.
Amid the hype, public education about bedbugs has taken a step forward - which is important for tackling future surges. Among the new facts to emerge are interesting details about the sex-life of cimex lectularius, to use the insects' formal name.
According to scientists, bedbugs are one of the few species to practice "traumatic insemination". With his barbed needle of a penis, the male bedbug can pierce the female at any point of her body. His sperm then makes its way via the bloodstream to her reproductive organ. Over the millennia, females have actually developed a dent in their abdomen to encourage males to pierce them at that spot.
Male bedbugs also display homosexual behaviour, and even try to inseminate other species.