Artistic integrity?
Museums must reassess Saudi ties amid uproar over journalist’s fate
On Saturday, the Brooklyn Museum is opening an exhibition of art and artefacts from Syria meant to recount the country’s refugee history. Days later, the Guggenheim will host a conversation with a Palestinian artist and the Metropolitan Museum of Art will hold a seminar on how museums curate art from the Middle East.
These programmes — along with similar ones at the Museum of Modern Art, Asia Society and other New York institutions — are part of a co-ordinated effort to display artwork from the Middle East and “build greater understanding between the United States and the Arab world”. They also happen to be co-ordinated by organisations closely tied to or generously funded by the Saudi government, which is now accused of the gruesome killing of a dissident journalist.
For years, nonprofits from museums to major universities have been strengthening ties with the oil kingdoms of the Middle East as a way to broaden their offerings, foster cross-cultural dialogue and to obtain access to those countries’ considerable riches.
Now they are having to answer the same question as the one confronting the US government: whether the possible murder of the journalist Jamal Khashoggi is a reason to shun Saudi Arabia or if the country is simply too wealthy and important to walk away from.
“As a global cultural institution, a core activity of our museum is to engage with representatives from museums and governments around the world,” said Daniel Weiss, the Met’s president and chief executive. Asked about Turkey’s accusation that the Saudis killed Khashoggi at their consulate in Istanbul, Weiss said: “We are in the process of learning more, and our engagement will reflect additional information.”
On Friday, one organisation involved in co-ordinating the New York exhibits, the Middle East Institute, a Washington-based think tank, said it no longer wanted to be party to them. “In light of recent developments,” said Scott Zuke, a spokesman for the group, “the Middle East Institute has decided that it will not participate in next week’s programme in New York.”
Most of the organisations said they intended to proceed with their plans or that they were still evaluating their relationships. And since Saudi Arabia’s record on human rights has never been a secret, it would most likely surprise no one if the museums ultimately decided not to back away.
“If you’re doing business with the Saudis — whether it be a museum or extracting oil — you’re accepting that this is who your partner is,” said Daniel Pipes, president of the Middle East Forum, a conservative think tank based in Philadelphia. He said an episode like the Khashoggi disappearance should give pause: “A regime like this is one that should be held at arm’s length.” But the ties between non-profit institutions and the oil kingdoms are extensive and growing.
American universities have thrown open their doors to wealthy Saudi students who pay full price. Among them is Harvard, which Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman visited this year during his whirlwind tour of the United States. In 2005, it accepted US$20 million (654 billion baht) from another member of the Saudi royal family, Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, who was detained at the Ritz Carlton in Riyadh this year as part of what the crown prince called a crackdown on corruption.
The Clinton Foundation has accepted at least $10 million from the Saudi government for its global anti-poverty work, which raised questions of possible influence peddling during Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign.
The sticky relationships are not limited to Saudi Arabia. New York University and the Louvre have opulent outposts in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates, where labour abuse has been endemic.
The embrace has been mutual, as Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the Emirates have all used their wealth to strengthen friendships with the West and establish themselves as major players in academia and culture.
One of the newest Saudi efforts is the Misk Foundation, which the crown prince has used as a vehicle to spread Saudi culture and advance his self-styled image as a reformer open to more freedom of expression, including in the arts. In the past year alone its affiliated Misk Art Institute, which did not respond to requests for comment, has organised shows in the United States, announced plans to open an outpost in Paris and helped co-ordinate the New York City exhibits this month.
In January, the Museum of Modern Art hosted a news conference to announce a slate of programmes from Misk.
“It is a pleasure for us to welcome Misk Art Institute as it inaugurates an ambitious roster of international programmes,” the museum’s director, Glenn Lowry, said, according to Misk’s website. “This exciting new venture holds out the promise of a deepened and enriched artistic and scholarly exchange across traditions and cultures, in which MoMA is proud to play a role.”
In addition to the exhibitions in New York City in the coming days, organisations partially or wholly supported by the Saudi government have been involved with other recent exhibits, including a celebration of Saudi art at the Kennedy Center in Washington last March. The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has brought representatives of major American museums, including MoMA, the Met, the Brooklyn Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the de Young Museum in San Francisco, to Saudi Arabia to visit artist studios, art spaces and cultural institutions in Jiddah, Riyadh, Abha and Al Khobar.
MoMA, which is participating in this month’s “Arab Art and Education Initiative”, said that it had not accepted any money for its portion of the programme, which consists of a show of works and a conversation with a Kuwaiti film artist Monday. “We joined the Initiative hoping it will spark cultural exchange and experimentation and open dialogue on important issues in the region,” MoMA said in a statement.
Other museums involved in the programme, including the Brooklyn Museum and the Guggenheim — which has faced protests over its plans to build a satellite museum in Abu Dhabi — also said they had no intention of dropping out. In terse responses, they made a case for maintaining relationships with the Middle East, an important source of historical and contemporary art, while acknowledging the difficult circumstances they now found themselves in.
“This is a serious and troubling story that continues to unfold in a complex global context,” the Guggenheim said, adding: “We do not disengage with artists based on the actions or policies of their respective governments.”
Anne Pasternak, the director of the Brooklyn Museum, said “we always seek partners who share our mission and values of creating a more connected and civil world”.
“While we always reserve the right to re-evaluate sources of funding depending on changing circumstances,” she added. “I have nothing more to share at this time.”