Haunted by colonial past, Belgium’s Africa Museum reopens after revamp
Belgium’s Africa Museum reopened on Saturday after a five- year restoration to repackage its looted treasures with a critical view of the country’s brutal colonial past.
Deputy Prime Minister Alexander De Croo hailed a “historic moment” and said it would open “a new chapter” in Belgian-African relations.
The reopening of the former Royal Museum for Central Africa in the Tervuren Palace outside Brussels comes amid a renewed European debate about returning stolen artefacts.
Last month, French President Emmanuel Macron agreed to return 26 cultural artefacts to Benin “without delay”, a move likely to put pressure on other former colonial powers to return African artworks to their countries of origin.
Macron said the decision should not be seen as an isolated or symbolic case and proposed a conference in Paris next year to discuss an “exchange policy” for African treasures.
“Restitution should no longer be taboo,” De Croo said on Saturday, adding, however, that any returns should be dependant on certain conservation conditions being met.
“It is clear that this implies a respectful attitude on the part of the African authorities with regard to this artistic heritage,” he said.
Before it closed for refurbishment in 2013, visitors to the Belgian museum were greeted by a statue uncritically depicting white European missionaries “bringing civilisation to Congo”.
The museum’s research team insists the exhibits will now take a much more critical approach to the depredations of King Leopold II and his agents in Congo.
With the help of multimedia displays and detailed captions, visitors will be encouraged to take a critical view and to see colonialism through African eyes.
The museum’s academic experts say there is no attempt to cover up the past, but rather to use the collection of 125,000 ethnographic objects more educationally.
Despite the new approach more in keeping with Belgium’s multicultural present, the revamp has not been without controversy.
Activists are demanding a proper memorial to seven Congolese who died in 1897 after being brought to Belgium as living exhibits. They are buried near the Tervuren estate.
Paula Polanco said that her group, IntalCongo, wanted them to be recognised as “victims of a colonialist crime”.
Belgium’s current king, Philippe, meanwhile declined an invitation to the reopening.
The Belgian colonies, run as a private royal estate by Leopold II, covered lands now included in independent Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
These countries have suffered a turbulent modern history and, according to European experts, in DR Congo’s case at least, lack premises to properly house a national-history collection.
DR Congo President Joseph Kabila, however, has said he plans to formally request the return of art and records before his country’s own museum opens next year.