SIZING UP THE SHOTS
The Oxford University-AstraZeneca
TECHNOLOGY: Viral Vector (Genetically modified virus) When injected, the vaccine instructs human cells to produce the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein — the immune system’s main target in coronaviruses.
EFFICACY: 62-90%
PROCESS: Passed all three trials
MAJOR BUYERS: EU (400 million doses), US (300 million doses), UK (100 million doses)
THAILAND: 26 million doses
PRICE: US$ 4 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 2
Sinovac
TECHNOLOGY: Inactivated vaccine
Using the dead Covid-19 virus itself to trigger an immune response
EFFICACY: 50-70% (varies in tested countries) PROCESS: Phase 3 trials
MAJOR BUYERS: Indonesia (40 million doses), Philippines (25 million doses)
THAILAND: 2 million doses
PRICE: US$5 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 2
Moderna
TECHNOLOGY: mRNA
A new type of vaccine which uses messenger RNA, which contains instructions for human cells to make proteins that mimic part of the coronavirus, to trigger an immune response.
EFFICACY: 95%
PROCESS: Passed all three trials
MAJOR BUYERS: EU (160 million doses), US (100 million doses), Canada (40 million doses)
PRICE: US$33 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 2
Pfizer-BioNTech
TECHNOLOGY: mRNA The new mRNA technology tricks the body into making the viral protein itself which, in turn, triggers an immune response
EFFICACY: 95%
PROCESS: Passed all three trials
MAJOR BUYERS: EU countries (200 million doses), US (100 million doses)
PRICE: US$20 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 2
Sputnik V (by Russia's Gamaleya Institute)
TECHNOLOGY: Adenoviral vector-based platform The technology delivers the genetic instructions for SARS-CoV-2 antigens directly into patients’ cells, triggering an immune response
EFFICACY: 91.4%
PROCESS: Phase 3 trials ongoing
MAJOR BUYERS: Brazil (10 million doses), Argentina (10 million doses) Bolivia (2.6 million doses), India (contracted to locally produce 100 million doses)
PRICE: US$10 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 2
Johnson & Johnson
TECHNOLOGY: Uses a cold virus to deliver genetic material from the coronavirus into the body to prompt an immune response.
EFFICACY: Expected to be released by the end of January
PROCESS: Phase 3 clinical trials ongoing
MAJOR BUYERS: EU (160 million doses), US (100 million doses), Canada (40 million doses)
PRICE: Estimated US$10 per dose
DOSED REQUIRED: 1