Population count shrinks for first time since 1960s

BEIJING: China’s population started shrinking in 2022 for the first time in six decades, a milestone for the world’s second-largest economy, which is facing an increasingly serious demographic crisis.

China had 1.41 billion people at the end of last year, 850,000 fewer than the end of 2021, according to data released by the National Statistics Bureau yesterday. That marks the first drop since 1961, the final year of the Great Famine under former leader Mao Zedong.

Some 9.56 million babies were born last year, down from 10.62 million a year earlier, the lowest level since at least 1950, despite efforts by the government to encourage families to have more children.

A total of 10.41 million people died, a slight increase from around 10 million recorded in recent years. China suffered a surge in Covid-related deaths starting last month after abruptly dropping its zero-tolerance approach to the virus in early December. More Covid-related deaths will likely come this year as fatalities usually lag infections by weeks and infections are still spreading across the country. That outbreak could further push up the number of deaths this year.

The decline in newborns was the main cause of the population contraction, according to Kang Yi, head of the National Statistics Bureau.

“That’s mainly a result of drop in people’s willingness to have babies, the delay in marriage and pregnancy, as well as a fall in number of women of child-bearing age,” Mr Kang told reporters after a press briefing yesterday.

Mr Kang said the drop — while the beginning of a new trend — was “not something to be over-concerned about.” The supply of the country’s labour force is still greater than the demand, he added.

The population drop-off came much faster than previously expected and could act as a brake on economic growth by slowing demand for goods such as new houses. Due to the decline, the Chinese economy may struggle to overtake the US in size and the nation could lose its status as the world’s most populous country to India this year.

The country is following in the footsteps of Japan and South Korea, which have seen their birth rates plummet and populations age and start to shrink as they’ve become wealthier and developed.

The number of newborns per 1,000 people declined to 6.77 last year, the lowest level since 1978.