India sees spike in anti-Muslim hate speech

INDIA observed a massive 62% rise in anti-Muslim hate speech in the second half of 2023 compared to the first six months of the year, according to a recent study.

Washington-based research group India Hate Lab said Monday that the Israel-Gaza war played a key role in the last three months.

The group documented 668 hate speech incidents targeting Muslims in 2023, 255 of which occurred in the first half of the year while 413 took place in the last six months of 2023, the research group said in a report released Monday.

About 75%, or 498, of those incidents took place in states governed by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, according to the report.

The states of Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh accounted for the most hate speech.

Between Oct. 7 – when Palestinian resistance group Hamas carried out an incursion of Israel, sparking the conflict in the Gaza Strip as Israel retaliated – and Dec. 31, there were 41 incidents of hate speech against Indian Muslims that mentioned the war, the report added. It accounted for about 20% of hate speech in the last three months of 2023.

The research group said it used the United Nations’ definition of hate speech – prejudiced or discriminatory language towards an individual or group based on attributes including religion, ethnicity, nationality, race or gender.

Rights groups have alleged mistreatment of Muslims under Modi, who became prime minister in 2014 and is widely expected to retain power after the 2024 elections.

They point to a 2019 citizenship law that the U.N. human rights office called “fundamentally discriminatory,” an anti-conversion legislation that challenges the constitutionally protected right to freedom of belief and the 2019 revoking of Muslim majority Kashmir’s special status.